Methods, computer program products, and systems for managing quality of service in a communication network for applications

ABSTRACT

Quality of Service (QoS) in a communication network is managed. A service provider requests a level of QoS for communication in the communication network using a QoS request. The requested level of QoS may be allocated to the service provider based on the QoS request. The service provider may make the QoS request on its own initiative and/or in response to a request from an application that is hosted by the service provider. A QoS level may then be allocated to the service provider and/or to particular applications that are hosted by the service provider.

RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 60/470,650, filed May 15, 2003, thedisclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference as if setforth in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION.

[0002] The present invention relates to communication networks, and,more particularly, to managing Quality of Service (QoS) in communicationnetworks.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The Internet is a decentralized network of computers that cancommunicate with one another via the internet protocol (IP). Althoughthe Internet has its origins in a network created by the AdvancedResearch Project Agency (ARPA) in the 1960's, it has only recentlybecome a worldwide communication medium. To a large extent, theexplosive growth in use and traffic over the Internet is due to thedevelopment in the early 1990's of the worldwide Web (WWW), which is oneof several service facilities provided on the Internet. Other facilitiesinclude a variety of communication. services such as electronic mail,telnet, usenet newsgroups, internet relay chat (IRC), a variety ofinformation search services such as WAIS and Archie, and a variety ofinformation retrieval services such as FTP (file transfer protocol) andGopher.

[0004] The WWW is a client-server based facility that includes a numberof servers (computers connected to the Internet) on which Web pages orfiles reside, as well as clients (Web browsers), which interface theusers with the Web pages. Specifically, Web browsers and softwareapplications send a request over the WWW to a server requesting a Webpage identified by a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) which notes both theserver where the Web page resides and the file or files on that serverwhich make up the Web page. The server then sends a copy of therequested file(s) to the Web browser, which in turn displays the Webpage to the user.

[0005] The topology of the WWW can be described as a network ofnetworks, with providers of network service called Network ServiceProviders, or NSPs. Servers that provide application-layer services aspreviously described may be described as Application Service Providers(ASPs). Sometimes a single service provider does both functions within asingle business.

[0006] In recent years, broadband access technologies, such as digitalsubscriber line (DSL), cable modems, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM),and frame relay have facilitated the communication of voice, video, anddata over the Internet and other public and private networks. Becausebroadband technologies are typically deployed by a single transportservice provider, like a Regional Bell Operating Company (RBOC), theirRegional and Access Networks (RAN) are often shared by many NSPs andASPs offering services that range from Internet access and VPN access toVoice over IP, Video on Demand, and Gaming. Up until recently, a givenCustomer Premises Network (CPN) would have been connected to a singleservice provider in a generic way, however a new standard for RANservice (DSL Forum TR-059) provides a RAN architecture that allowssimultaneous access to multiple NSPs and ASPs and for differentiatingthe data transport service provided by a RAN to these service providers.

[0007] Moreover, broadband access technology has allowed serviceproviders to expand their content and service offerings to both businessand home users. For example, a user may subscribe to multiple servicesor applications, such as voice service, Internet access service,-a videoservice, a-gaming service, etc. from one or more service providers.These services and/or applications may be delivered over a singlenetwork connection, such as a DSL line. Unfortunately,-with multiple newconnectivity options and applications that require specificcharacteristics from the network, there is also a need to establishpriorities and bandwidth allocation among multiple services and/orapplications so as to customize the content delivery according to theusers' and/or providers' preferences.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] Some embodiments, of the present invention manage Quality ofService (QoS) in a communication network. A service provider requests alevel of QoS for communication in the communication network using a QoSrequest. The service provider may be, for example, an applicationservice provider or a network service provider. The requested level ofQoS may be allocated to the service provider based on the QoS request.The service provider may make the QoS request on its own initiativeand/or in response to a request from an application that is hosted bythe service provider. A QoS level may then be allocated to the serviceprovider and/or to particular applications that are hosted by theservice provider.

[0009] The allocated QoS level may include allocating a network capacitylevel, a priority level, traffic profile, packet size, delay, and/orloss rate for information that is communicated through the communicationnetwork. Communication with the service provider may then be restrictedto an allocated network capacity level, prioritized with an allocatedpriority level, modified to have an allocated traffic profile, and/ormay have a packet size, delay, and/or loss rate that is based on the QoSrequest.

[0010] A network service manager, which may be a DSL service manager,may evaluate the QoS that is available in the communication network, andmay allocate the requested level of QoS to the service provider based onthe QoS request and the evaluation of the QoS available in thecommunication network. The network service manager may validate a QoSrequest by, for example, comparing the QoS request to a DSL session datastore. The DSL session data store is explained below in, for example,Section 6.4.1.

[0011] A QoS request may-be communicated through the communicationnetwork as a data packet from the service provider. The QoS request maythen be evaluated based on information in a known field in the datapacket. For example, a QoS request may be evaluated based on a protocolID, source address, destination address, source port number, and/ordestination port number that is provided in a header field of a datapacket. Application identifier information may be added to a QoS requestthat identifies an application of the service provider. A QoS requestmay then be evaluated based on the application identifier information,and a level of QoS may be allocated to the application that isidentified by the application identifier information.

[0012] A broadband remote access server and/or a routing gateway may benotified of the allocated level of QoS.

[0013] Various other embodiments of the present invention provide acommunication system in which QoS in a communication network isallocated based on a requested level of QoS. The communication systemincludes a service provider, an application framework infrastructure, anaccess network, routing gateways, and a wide area network. The serviceprovider may be an application service provider or a network serviceprovider. The access network communicatively couples the serviceprovider and the application framework infrastructure. The wide areanetwork communicatively couples the application framework infrastructureand the routing gateways. The service provider requests a level of QoSfor communication in the wide area network using a QoS request.

[0014] The service provider may make the QoS request on its owninitiative and/or in response to a request from an application that ishosted by the service provider. The application framework infrastructuremay allocate the requested level of QoS to the service provider based onthe QoS request. The application framework infrastructure may alsoidentify at least one of routing gateways that communicates with theservice, provider, and may notify the identified routing gateways of theallocated QoS. The application framework infrastructure may also notifya broadband remote access server of the allocated level of QoS.

[0015] Various other embodiments of the present invention providecomputer products for managing QoS in a communication network.

[0016] Other systems, methods, and/or computer program productsaccording to embodiments will be or become apparent to one with skill inthe art upon review of the following drawings and detailed description.It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, and/orcomputer program products be included within this description, be withinthe scope of the present invention, and be protected by the accompanyingclaims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Other features of the present invention will be more readilyunderstood from the following detailed description of specificembodiments thereof when read in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings, in which:

[0018]FIG. 1 is a block diagram that illustrates a conventional digitalsubscriber line (DSL) network;

[0019]FIG. 2 is a block diagram that illustrates communication betweenend users and an application service provider (ASP) and a networkservice provider (NSP) via a regional/access network;

[0020]FIG. 3 is a block diagram that illustrates the regional/accessnetwork;

[0021]FIG. 4 is a block diagram that illustrates a broadband remoteaccess server (BRAS) and a routing gateway (RG) in a network;

[0022]FIG. 5 is a block diagram that illustrates access session types inthe network of FIG. 4 in accordance with some embodiments of the presentinvention;

[0023]FIG. 6 is a block diagram that illustrates traffic classificationand queuing treatments in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent invention;

[0024]FIG. 7 illustrates business model options for using bandwidth on acommunication medium in accordance with some embodiments of the presentinvention;

[0025]FIG. 8 is a block diagram that illustrates relationships between asubscriber, the RG, the regional/access network, an ASP, and an NSP;

[0026]FIGS. 9-12 are block diagrams that illustrates a data architecture(model) for managing quality of service (QoS) in a network in accordancewith some embodiments of the present invention;

[0027]FIG. 13 is a block diagram that illustrates anapplication-framework infrastructure for managing QoS in a network inaccordance with some embodiments of the present invention;

[0028]FIG. 14 illustrates a messaging flow for a service providerauthentication scenario using the application framework infrastructureof FIG. 13 in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention;

[0029]FIG. 15 illustrates a messaging flow for an application levelbandwidth and QoS query scenario using the application frameworkinfrastructure of FIG. 13 in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent invention;

[0030]FIG. 16 illustrates a messaging flow for an application levelbandwidth and QoS modification scenario using the application frameworkinfrastructure of FIG. 13 in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent invention;

[0031]FIG. 17 illustrates a messaging flow for an application flowcontrol record creation scenario using the application frameworkinfrastructure of FIG. 13 in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent invention;

[0032]FIG. 18 illustrates a messaging flow for an application flowcontrol record deletion scenario using the application frameworkinfrastructure of FIG. 13 in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent invention;

[0033]FIG. 19 illustrates a messaging flow for a NSP Point-to-PointProtocol (PPP) session level bandwidth and QoS modification scenariousing the application framework infrastructure of FIG. 13 in accordancewith some embodiments of the present invention;

[0034]FIG. 20 illustrates a messaging flow for a ASP/NSP PPP sessionlevel bandwidth and QoS query scenario using the application frameworkinfrastructure of FIG. 13 in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent invention;

[0035]FIG. 21 is a block diagram that illustrates a turbo buttonarchitecture using the application framework infrastructure of FIG. 13in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention;

[0036]FIG. 22 is an event diagram that illustrates operations of theturbo button architecture of FIG. 21 in accordance with some embodimentsof the present invention;

[0037]FIG. 23 is a block diagram that illustrates a video conferencingarchitecture using the application framework infrastructure of FIG. 13in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention;

[0038]FIGS. 24 and 25 are event diagrams that illustrate operations ofthe video conferencing architecture of FIG. 23 in accordance with someembodiments of the present invention;

[0039]FIG. 26 is a block diagram that illustrates traffic classificationand queuing treatments for the video conferencing service in accordancewith some embodiments of the present invention;

[0040]FIG. 27 is a block diagram that illustrates operations of a videoconferencing architecture in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent invention;

[0041]FIG. 28 is a diagram that illustrates network topologies forsupporting gaming applications in accordance with some embodiments ofthe present invention;

[0042]FIG. 29 is a block diagram that illustrates a gaming architectureusing the application framework infrastructure of FIG. 13 in accordancewith some embodiments of the present invention;

[0043]FIG. 30 is a block diagram that illustrates traffic classificationand queuing treatments for the gaming service in accordance with someembodiments of the present invention;

[0044]FIG. 31 is an event diagram that illustrates operations of thegaming architecture of FIG. 29 in accordance with some embodiments ofthe present invention; and

[0045]FIG. 32 is a flowchart that illustrates operations for managingQoS in a communication network.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0046] While the invention is susceptible to various modifications andalternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way ofexample in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. Itshould be understood, however, that there is no intent to limit theinvention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, theinvention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternativesfalling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by theclaims. Like reference numbers signify like elements throughout thedescription of the figures.

[0047] The present invention may be embodied as systems, methods, and/orcomputer program products. Accordingly, the present invention may beembodied in hardware and/or in software (including firmware, residentsoftware, micro-code, etc.). Furthermore, the present invention may takethe form of a computer program product on a computer-usable orcomputer-readable storage medium having computer-usable orcomputer-readable program code embodied in the medium for use by or inconnection with an instruction execution system. In the context of thisdocument, a computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be anymedium that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport theprogram for use by or in connection with the instruction executionsystem, apparatus, or device.

[0048] The computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be, forexample but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical,electromagnetic,--infrared; or semiconductor system, apparatus, device,or propagation medium. -More specific examples (a nonexhaustive list) ofthe computer-readable medium would include the following: an electricalconnection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, arandom access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an-optical fiber,and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM). Note that thecomputer-usable or computer-readable medium could even be paper oranother suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as theprogram can be electronically captured, via, for instance, opticalscanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted, orotherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then storedin a computer memory.

[0049] Embodiments of the present invention are described herein in thecontext of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology for purposes ofillustration. It will be understood that the present invention is notlimited to DSL technology. Indeed, other communication technologiesand/or network configurations, such as, but not limited to, asynchronoustransfer mode (ATM), frame relay, hybrid fiber coax (HFC), wirelessbroadband, and/or Ethernet may also be used in other embodiments of thepresent invention. In general, the present invention is not limited toany communication technology and/or network configuration, but isintended to encompass any technology and/or network configurationcapable of carrying out operations described herein. Embodiments of thepresent invention are also described herein in the context of managingquality of service (QoS). As used herein, QoS includes, but is notlimited to, treatment applied to an access session, application flow,and/or packet with respect to scheduling a resource, bandwidthallocation, and/or delivery target in an individual element or across anend-to-end system.

[0050] The detailed description of embodiments of the present inventionis organized as follows:

[0051] 1. Overview

[0052] 2. Introduction

[0053] 2.1 Purpose and Scope

[0054] 2.2 Key Terms

[0055] 3. Review of TR-059 Concepts

[0056] 3.1 Network Service Provider Network

[0057] 3.1.1 Description

[0058] 3.2 Application Service Provider Network

[0059] 3.2.1 Description

[0060] 3.2.2 Capabilities

[0061] 3.3 Regional Access Network

[0062] 3.3.1 Broadband Remote Access Server

[0063] 3.3.2 Access Network

[0064] 3.3.3 Access Node

[0065] 3.4 Evolution of the DSL Network

[0066] 3.4.1 Access Session Types

[0067] 4. QOS Capabilities of the Application Framework

[0068] 4.1 General Approach

[0069] 4.2 Classification

[0070] 4.3 Business Models for Supporting Concurrent NSP and ASP AccessSessions

[0071] 4.3.1 Simple Bandwidth Partitioning

[0072] 4.3.2 Priority and Dynamic Bandwidth Sharing

[0073] 4.4 Considerations Associated with this Approach

[0074] 4.4.1 Static Classifiers

[0075] 4.4.2 Queue Structure

[0076] 5. Reference Data Model

[0077]5.1 Subscriber Maintained Data

[0078] 5.2 Routing Gateway

[0079] 5.3 Regional/Access Network

[0080] 5.4 Application Service Provider

[0081] 5.5 Network Service Provider

[0082] 6. Reference Interface Specification and Detailed Message Flow

[0083] 6.1 Interface Between RG and Regional/Access Network

[0084] 6.2 Interface Between Regional/Access Network and ASP

[0085] 6.3 Interface Between Regional/Access Network and NSP

[0086] 6.4 Application Framework Infrastructure

[0087] 6.4.1 Framework Infrastructure Element Functional Description

[0088] 6.4.2 DSL Service Messaging Flow

[0089] 7. Future Capabilities of the Application Framework

[0090] 8. Example Use Scenario—Turbo Button

[0091] 9. Example Use Scenario—Video Conferencing

[0092] 10. Example Use Scenario—Gaming

[0093] 11. Operational Description

[0094] 1. Overview

[0095] This document defines a common application framework built on topof the DSL Forum-TR-059 reference architecture that can be used in acommon way to enable service providers to leverage bandwidth and QoScapabilities in the Regional/Access Network. This framework comprises aninterface specification and associated data model and mechanisms tocontrol the QoS and bandwidth capabilities defined in TR-059. A commoninterface for Application Service Providers (ASPs) and Network ServiceProviders (NSPs) to leverage may reduce development costs and time tomarket. This interface defines a mechanism for applications to requestIP QoS and bandwidth from the DSL Regional/Access network.

[0096] 2. Introduction

[0097] 2.1 Purpose and Scope

[0098] Recent work in the DSL Forum has documented a referencearchitecture, DSL Evolution—Architecture Requirements for the Support ofQoS-Enabled IP Services (TR-059), with the purpose of defining a commonway of supporting enhanced IP applications by enabling IP QoS andbandwidth management capabilities. TR-059 defines a common deploymentarchitecture, set of interface specifications, and fundamental networkelement requirements. The architecture and requirements are largely“transport or network” layer focused. It may be useful to complementthis work by defining a common higher-layer framework that leverages thecapabilities of TR-059 and that can be used by application serviceproviders (ASP) as they develop and deploy applications.

[0099] This document defines a common application framework built on topof the TR-059 reference architecture that can be used in a common way toenable service providers to leverage bandwidth and QoS capabilities inthe Regional/Access Network. This framework comprises an interfacespecification and associated data model and mechanisms to control theQoS and bandwidth capabilities defined in TR-059. A common interface forASPs and NSPs to leverage may reduce development costs and time tomarket. This interface defines a mechanism for applications to requestIP QoS and bandwidth from the DSL Regional/Access network.

[0100] Specifically, the application framework is based on thecapabilities defined in phase 2 of TR-059. Therefore, the frameworkdefined here assumes that the capabilities of the access node in theRegional/Access network will remain largely unchanged, but does leveragea policy approach for provisioning the BRAS and Routing Gateway (RG) tomanage IP flows appropriately. As real-time signaling capabilitiesbecome available this framework may be modified to support thesecapabilities. In defining the framework and providing details of itsuse, this document also intends to demonstrate that capabilities defined(here and in TR-059) are sufficient to support a reasonable set ofapplications.

[0101] Services that span Regional/Access networks and requireinter-Regional/Access network communication are generally not describedherein as part of this framework. Support of these services is possibleif handled at the application layer where an ASP communicates to eachRegional/Access network to establish bandwidth and QoS for a service.

[0102] 2.2 Key Terms

[0103] The following definitions apply for the purposes of thisdocument: Access Network The Access Network encompasses the elements ofthe DSL network from the NID at the customer premises to the BRAS. Thisnetwork typically includes one or more Access Node type and often an ATMswitching function to aggregate them. Access Node The Access Nodecontains the ATU-C, which terminates the DSL signal, and physically canbe a DSLAM, Next Generation DLC (NG-DLC), or a Remote Access Multiplexer(RAM). A DSLAM hub can be used in a central office to aggregate trafficfrom multiple remote physical devices, and is considered logically to bea part of the Access Node. When the term “DSLAM” is used in thisdocument, it is intended to very specifically refer to a DSLAM, and notthe more generic Access Node. The Access Node provides aggregationcapabilities between the Access Network and the Regional Network. It isthe first point in the network where traffic on multiple DSL lines willbe aggregated onto a single network. Application Flow The set of packetsassociated with a particular application (e.g., video conferencingsession, VoIP call, etc.). Application A common reference data model andinterface Framework specification built on top of the TR-059 referencearchitecture that can be used in a common way to enable serviceproviders to leverage bandwidth and QoS capabilities in theRegional/Access Network. Auto Configuration A data repository thatallows the Regional/Access Server (ACS) network to provide configurationinformation to Routing Gateways (RG) in Customer Premises BroadbandRemote The BRAS is the aggregation point Access Server for thesubscriber traffic. It provides aggregation (BRAS) capabilities (e.g.,IP, PPP, ATM) between the Regional/Access Network and the NSP or ASP.Beyond aggregation, it is also the injection point for policy managementand IP QoS in the Regional/Access Networks. Core Network The center coreof the Regional Network. The functions contained herein are primarilytransport oriented with associated switching or routing capabilitiesenabling the proper distribution of the data traffic. Downstream Thedirection of transmission from the ATU-C (Access Node) to the ATU-R(modem). Edge Network The edge of the Regional Network. The Edge Networkprovides access to various layer 2 services and connects to the RegionalNetwork core enabling the distribution of the data traffic betweenvarious edge devices. Loop A metallic pair of wires running from thecustomer's premises to the Access Node. Many-to-Many The ability formultiple individual users or Access Sessions subscribers, within asingle premises, to simultaneously connect to multiple NSPs and ASPs.Regional Network The Regional Network interconnects the Network ServiceProvider's network and the Access Network. A Regional Network for DSLconnects to the BRAS, which is technically both in the Regional Networkand in an Access Network. Typically, more than one Access Network isconnected to a common Regional Network. The function of the RegionalNetwork in this document goes beyond traditional transport, and mayinclude aggregation, routing, and switching. Regional/Access TheRegional and Access Networks - grouped as Network and end-to-end QoSdomain and often managed by a single provider. The follow functionalelements are contained in this network: Access Node, BRAS, and the ACS.Routing Gateway A customer premises functional element that provides IProuting and QoS capabilities. It may be integrated with or be separatefrom the ATU-R. Rate Limit A means to limit the throughput of aparticular PPP session or application flow by either buffering (shaping)or dropping (policing) packets above a specified maximum data rate. Theterm bandwidth is used interchangeably with the concept of ratelimiting. The bandwidth allocated to a PPP session or application isdetermined by the rate limit applied. Session Session is typically anoverloaded term. In this document it is intended to reference a PPPaccess session rather than a particular application flow. SubscriberUsed to refer to the person that is billed for a service, like NSPaccess service or ASP services. The subscriber is considered the primaryuser of the service (see the definition of “user” below) and is the mainaccount contact. The subscriber to an NSP access is referred to as aNetwork Subscriber and the subscriber to an application is referred toas an Application Subscriber. Upstream The direction of transmissionfrom the ATU-R (modem) to the ATU-C (Access Node). User The person orentity that receives the benefit of a given service. The user may or maynot be the subscriber of the service. A subscribed service has one ormore users associated with the subscriber.

[0104] To provide a common reference for the application framework, anarchitectural view of the DSL network is provided. The text in thissection is taken from TR-059 and provides a high level overview. For amore complete description refer to TR-059. FIG. 1 illustrates thecurrent state of deployed DSL networks. Boxes in the figures representfunctional entities—networks and logical components rather than physicalelements.

[0105] This traditional architecture is centered on providing service toa line or a loop. It is desired, however, to be able to provide servicesthat are user-specific. Additionally, more than one subscriber can bepresent at the same premises and share a single loop. TR-059 describes aslightly more complex situation, and hides the common complexity sharedwith FIG. 2.

[0106]FIG. 2 illustrates the components of a DSL access-based broadbandnetwork. FIG. 2 indicates ownership of the components by differentproviding organizations. Boxes in the figures represent functionalentities—networks and logical components rather than physical elements.

[0107] This model illustrates an architecture that provides servicesthat are user-specific, i.e., more than one subscriber can be present atthe same premises and share a single loop. Note that FIG. 2 showsmany-to-many access through a common Regional/Access network. It is usedto simultaneously provide an Application Service, between an ASPNetwork₁ and User₁ at the same time and over the same U interface as itsupports a Network Service₂ between NSP Network₂ and User₂.

[0108] 3.1 Network Service Provider Network

[0109] 3.1.1 Description

[0110] The Network Service Provider (NSP) is defined as a ServiceProvider that requires extending a Service Provider-specific InternetProtocol (IP) address. This is the typical application of DSL servicetoday. The NSP owns and procures addresses that they, in turn, allocateindividually or in blocks to their subscribers. The subscribers aretypically located in Customer Premises Networks (CPNs). The NSP servicemay be subscriber-specific, or communal when an address is shared usingNetwork Address Port Translation (NAPT) throughout a CPN. Thisrelationship among the NSP, A10-NSP interface, and Regional/AccessNetwork is shown in FIG. 2. NSPs typically provide access to theInternet, but may also provide access to a walled garden, VPN, or someother closed group or controlled access network. L2TP and IP VPNs aretypical A10-NSP interface arrangements.

[0111] The capabilities of the NSP may include, but are not limited to,for example: authenticating network access between the CPN and the NSPnetwork; assignment of network addresses and IP filters; assignment oftraffic engineering parameters; and/or customer service andtroubleshooting of network access problems

[0112] 3.2 Application Service Provider Network

[0113] 3.2.1 Description

[0114] The Application Service Provider (ASP) is defined as a ServiceProvider that uses a common network infrastructure provided by theRegional/Access Network and an IP address assigned and managed by theRegional Network Provider. This is a new type of DSL service. TheRegional Network Provider owns and procures addresses that they, inturn, allocate to the subscribers. ASPs then use this commoninfrastructure to provide application or network services to thosesubscribers. For example, an ASP may offer gaming, Video on Demand, oraccess to VPNs via IPsec or some other IP-tunneling method. The ASPservice may be subscriber-specific, or communal when an address isshared using NAPT throughout a Customer Premises Network (CPN). It isenvisioned that the ASP environment will have user-level rather thannetwork-access-level identification, and that a common LightweightDirectory Access Protocol (LDAP) directory will assist in providing useridentification and preferences. Logical elements used by ASPs typicallyinclude routers, application servers, and directory servers. Therelationship between the ASP Network, the A10-ASP interface, and theRegional Network is shown in FIG. 2.

[0115] 3.2.2 Capabilities

[0116] The capabilities of the ASP may include, but are not limited to,for example: authenticating users at the CPN; assignment of QoS toservice traffic; customer service and troubleshooting of network accessand application-specific problems; and/or ability to determine trafficusage for accounting purposes and billing.

[0117] 3.3 Regional Access Network

[0118] The Regional/Access Network comprises the Regional Network,Broadband Remote Access Server, and the Access Network as shown in FIG.3. Its primary function is to provide end-to-end data transport betweenthe customer premises and the NSP or ASP. The Regional/Access Networkmay also provide higher layer functions, such as QoS and contentdistribution. QoS may be provided by tightly couplingtraffic-engineering capabilities of the Regional Network with thecapabilities of the BRAS.

[0119] 3.3.1 Broadband Remote Access Server

[0120] The BRAS performs multiple functions in the network. Its mostbasic function is to provide aggregation capabilities between theRegional/Access Network and the NSP/ASP. For aggregating traffic, theBRAS serves as a L2TP Access Concentrator (LAC), tunneling multiplesubscriber Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) sessions directly to an NSP orswitched through a L2TS. It also performs aggregation for terminated PPPsessions or routed IP session by placing them into IP VPNs. The BRASalso supports ATM termination and aggregation functions.

[0121] Beyond aggregation, the BRAS is also the injection point forproviding policy management and IP QoS in the Regional and AccessNetworks. The BRAS supports the concept of many-to-many access sessions.Policy information can be applied to terminated and non-terminatedsessions. For example, a bandwidth policy may be applied to a subscriberwhose Point-to-Point (PPP) session is aggregated into an L2TP tunnel andis not terminated by the BRAS. Sessions that terminate on (or are routedthrough) the BRAS, however, can receive per flow treatment because theBRAS has IP level awareness of the -session. In this model, both theaggregate bandwidth for a customer as well as the bandwidth andtreatment of traffic per-application can be controlled.

[0122] 33.2 Access Network

[0123] The Access Network refers to the network between the ATU-R andthe BRAS including the access node and any intervening ATM switches.

[0124] 3.3.3 Access Node

[0125] The Access Node provides aggregation capabilities between theAccess Network and the Regional Network. It is the first point in thenetwork where traffic on multiple DSL lines will be aggregated ontoa-single network. Traditionally the Access Node has been primarily anATM concentrator, mapping PVCs from the ATU-R to PVCs in the ATM core.It has also shaped and policed traffic to the service access rates.

[0126] As described in TR-059, the responsibility of policing ATU-R toATU-C PVCs to the subscribed line rate is moved from the Access Node tothe BRAS to establish additional bandwidth on the DSL line foradditional services. The Access Node sets the line rate for each PVC atthe synch rate (or slightly less) of the ATU-R and ATU-C. This will makethe maximum amount of subscriber bandwidth available for services. TheBRAS polices individual sessions/flows as required to their requiredrates and also performs the dynamic changes when bandwidth-on-demandservices are applied.

[0127] 3.4 Evolution of the DSL Network

[0128] Phases 1 and 2 of TR-059 introduce the capability to change theRegional/Access network from an IP unaware layer 2 network to a networkthat leverages IP awareness in key elements to enable IP QoS and moreefficient and effective use of bandwidth. These key IP aware elementsare the BRAS and the RG as shown in FIG. 4.

[0129]FIG. 4 represents a paradigm shift in that the BRAS and the RG arenow responsible for managing the traffic flow through the network. Byenabling these devices to accept policy rules at subscriber session andapplication levels, IP flows can be managed in a more flexible and“dynamic” manner than previously possible. The BRAS is responsible formanaging IP traffic in the downstream direction such that traffic isscheduled according to priority and in a way that ensures thatcongestion in the downstream network is reduced (i.e., hierarchicalscheduling). The RG similarly, manages the scheduling of traffic in theupstream direction based on the priority of the session and/orapplication. Given-that the RG cannot be trusted, the BRAS performs apolicing function to ensure the upstream bandwidth in the access networkis utilized appropriately. Note that the priority and bandwidth policiescan be applied at the PPP session and or application levels; therefore,there is flexibility in how traffic is treated in the network.

[0130] 3.4.1 Access Session Types

[0131] The architecture -also evolves the types -aid number of accesssessions (specifically PPP sessions) that a subscriber would typicallyestablish to a service provider. Where previously there had been justone access session to an ISP, there are now multiple access sessionswith three basic types:

[0132] Community NSP—Shown in FIG. 5 as the solid line between the RGand NSP₁, this type of access session is established between an RG andan NSP. It is called the Community NSP connection because all thedevices within the Customer Premises Network share the connection to theNSP using the Network Port Address Translation (NPAT) feature of the RG.Because the Community NSP connection is given the Default Route at theRG there can typically be only one. This connection is typically set upto an ISP to provide Internet access to all the devices in the CustomerPremises Network. This PPP session may terminate on the BRAS or may passthrough the BRAS in tact and be placed into a L2TP tunnel to the NSP.

[0133] Personal NSP—Shown in FIG. 5 as the dashed line between User₁ andNSP₂, this type of access session is established between a device withinthe Customer Premises Network and an NSP. It passes through the RG atthe Ethernet (PPPoE) level. It is called the Personal NSP connectionbecause only the device within the Customer Premises Network from whichthe connection was established can access the NSP. This connection mayavoid using the NPAT feature of the RG. This connection is typically setup to an ISP or a corporation to provide private or personalized access,or any access that cannot traverse the NPAT sharing mechanism at the RG.This PPP session may terminate on the BRAS or may pass through the BRASin tact and be placed into a L2TP tunnel to the NSP.

[0134] ASP—Shown in FIG. 5 as the dotted line between the RG and ASP₁,this type of access session is established between an RG and the ASPnetwork. It is typically a single connection that is shared by allthe-ASPs. Because the Community NSP connection is typically given theDefault Route at the RG, the ASP connection must provide the RG with alist of routes to the ASP network. Also because there is not a defaultroute to the ASP network, it may not be possible to provide typicalInternet access through the ASP connection. This connection is typicallyset up to the ASP network to provide application-specific andQoS-enabled access among all the applications in the ASP network and allthe devices in the Customer Premises, Network. This PPP session type mayterminate on the BRAS so that per application flow treatment can beapplied.

[0135] 4. QOS Capabilities of the Application Framework

[0136] 4.1 General Approach

[0137] TR-059 describes a hierarchical scheduling approach leveraged bythe BRAS to manage the downstream links between the BRAS and the RG.Similarly, it describes how the BRAS leverages policing techniques(including a random discard enhancement) to apply backpressure to theupstream source to minimize potential congestion in that direction. Theapplication framework provides a mechanism for service providers tomodify bandwidth and QoS. In particular embodiments of the presentinvention, to simplify the number of queues to be managed in the BRASand RG, this framework assumes that only the ASP session has the abilityto support per application flow treatment. In such embodiments, NSPaccess sessions can only be managed in terms of the aggregate bandwidthand priority with respect to other access sessions on the DSL line.Because many ASPs share the ASP access session, the bandwidth andpriority of the session is set by the Regional/Access provider andtypically cannot be modified by an ASP. The ASP can however modify thecharacteristics of specific applications within the ASP PPP session byassigning the application to a particular queue and treatment type. TheBRAS and RG may schedule or police packets-based on one or more of thefollowing parameters: the priority of the access session; the currentpacket's relation to the rate limit of the access session; the priorityof the application within the access session (only supported for the ASPPPP Session); and/or the current packet's relation to the rate limit ofthe application or queue, for example, an EF rate limit supported forthe ASP PPP session.

[0138] Network resources are typically not reserved in this model.Instead, traffic engineering policies and intelligent scheduling andpolicing of packets is leveraged to achieve aggregate QoScharacteristics. Similarly, the Differentiated Services (Diffserv) modelis leveraged as a way to classify, mark, and schedule packets. The QoSapproach that has been applied to the application framework assumes thatthese capabilities are in place and that QoS relationships can be viewedwithin a single subscribers DSL “connection” (ATM VC) between the BRASand the RG.

[0139] Further, if a pragmatic approach to providing QoS is taken, someadditional simplifying assumptions can be made. It is expected thatinitially there will only be a small number of applications requiringQoS. The expected applications include VoIP, video conferencing, videoon demand, and gaming. It is unlikely that the majority of DSL customerswill subscribe to all of these services and expect to use themsimultaneously. Rather, it is expected that only a small number ofapplications (e.g., 2 or 3) will need to be managed concurrently on aDSL line basis. The expected applications also imply a certain priorityrelationship among themselves. If while playing an Internet game a VoIPcall comes in, it may be generally agreed that the VoIP session shouldtake precedence over the gaming session (if finishing the game is moreimportant, then the user can choose not to answer the call). As long asthese assumptions hold true, then a small number of applications can bemanaged effectively with a small number of queues and a simple priorityarrangement among them. As the number of applications requiring QoSincreases, however, these assumptions may have to change and the QoSapproach may need to evolve to support a finer granularity.

[0140] The number of queues available for applications within the ASPPPP session is five, in accordance with some embodiments of the presentinvention. This may change over time, in accordance with otherembodiments of the present invention, but initially the number of queuesis likely to be small. Diffserv like treatment is assumed whendescribing the queue behaviors and can be classified as one expeditedforwarding (EF) queue, up to 3 assured forwarding (AF) queues or onebest effort (BE) queue. The EF queue typically receives the highestpriority and is typically served first. This queue type is defined forconstant bit rate type servers. A rate limit associated with this queueis put in place so it should not be able to consume all the DSL lineresources. This queue will likely be reserved for voice applications. AFqueues are defined for traffic that is more variable in nature and wouldbe inefficient to associate with a fixed amount of network resources(EF). Queues in this category could receive different levels of priorityor could simply be used as an aggregate priority but each queue may havea different rate limit applied depending on the requirements of theapplication using that queue. To simplify the approach, the frameworkinitially assumes the later case where AF queue receive a “medium”priority treatment and the different queues are used to providedifferent bandwidth needs (i.e. rate limits). A BE queue is the defaultqueue and has resources available to it only after packets that are inprofile for the EF and AF queue are served.

[0141] The approach to -establishing QoS and bandwidth requirements inthe network is one of provisioning rather than signaling. The BRAS andRG will be provisioned with the classifiers to identify flows and queuethem appropriately. As a result the services that this model supportsare services that fit more into a subscription model rather than aninstantaneous establishment of service and QoS. This potentialdisadvantage, however, does not have to be apparent to the end users.Many services may require that the customer establish an account andperhaps even require the shipment of special hardware or software, forexample, VoIP Phone, PC camera, and the like. During the time frame thatthe customer is establishing service with the ASP, the DSL network canbe provisioned to support the service. It is important to note that theprovisioning time lines are not expected to be in terms of days, but,could be as small as a few minutes depending on how the applicationframework is implemented.

[0142] Given that a signaled approach to QoS is not included in theframework of certain embodiments of the present invention, real-timeadmission control cannot be accomplished at the network layer in suchembodiments. While it could be possible to block the subscription of anew service based on the current, subscribed services, such a model maybe too restrictive because it does not allow the user to subscribe totwo applications that they would not intend on using simultaneously.Instead, a strict priority relationship among the applications flows isused to manage simultaneous application interactions. Rate limits arealso applied at the RG and BRAS so that no single application canconsume all the subscriber's DSL resources and to provide some level offairness. An example application relationship, in accordance with someembodiments of the present invention, is shown in FIG. 6 and Table 1. Inthis example, it is assumed that the NSP and PNSP sessions receive besteffort treatment with respect to traffic that is in profile for the EFand AF queues in the ASP session. Other business models are possible asdescribed in Section 4.3. TABLE 1 Example Application PriorityRelationship within the ASP Session Rate Classification ApplicationQueue Limit of the Queue Parameters VoIP Signaling High Priority 100Kbps SIP Proxy IP Address & SIP Bearer High Priority 100 Kbps Gateway IPAddress & RTP Video Conf Control Stream High Priority 100 Kbps SIP ProxyIP Address & SIP Audio/Voice High Priority 100 Kbps DSCP & MCU IPAddress & RTP Video Medium Priority 384 Kbps DSCP & MCU IP Address & RTPGaming Medium Priority 100k Gaming Server IP Address HTTP Low PriorityNone Default

[0143]FIG. 6 illustrates a queuing arrangement where there are fivequeues (EF, AF₁, AF₂, AF₃, and BE) within the ASP session for perapplication treatment. In this arrangement, these queues can becharacterized as high (EF), medium (AFs), and low priority (BE)treatment. Table 1 illustrates that voice will receive strict priorityover other applications. Rate limits can be applied to each of theapplications to ensure that a single application cannot starve out allother applications, but this requires dedicating a queue to eachrate-limited application. Priority alone may not resolve all of thepossible application interactions. In the example above, both the gamingand video conferencing video stream have the same priority. In the casethat both applications are active they would compete over the first 100k of bandwidth available to the medium priority class. The rate limitassociated with the AF₂ queue allows the video conferencing applicationto take precedence over the remaining resources up to its queue's ratelimit. If the user experience for either the video stream or the game isunacceptable, the user will have to make their own admission controldecision and pause or shut down the one they wish to have lowerpriority.

[0144] 4.2 Classification

[0145] There are two basic levels of classification that need to beapplied in the framework: The first level is at the-PPP session level.Classification at this layer is accomplished through inspection of theFully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) used when the PPP session isinitiated. The second level is at the application layer—according toflows. To provide an application flow with the proper schedulingtreatment, it is desirable to easily classify the flow. Classificationof application flow may be accomplished using the header fields of theIP or Ethernet Packet (e.g., IP 5 tuple, DSCP, 802.1p). Using theinterface specified in Section 6, ASPs may communicate theclassification information that is used in the BRAS and RG. This sameinterface may be-used to communicate the priority and desired bandwidth(rate limit) to be associated with the classifier. In certainembodiments of the present invention, this information is communicatedat subscription time, and is not intended to be established dynamicallyon a per-flow basis. As a result in such embodiments, the classificationinformation is expected to be static. The ASP may provide a well knownIP address, protocol, and/or Port to be used for classificationpurposes.

[0146] In particular embodiments of the present invention, within thecustomer premises network (CPN), the CPE will be assigned private IPaddresses from the RG. When traffic leaves the CPN, the RG will performNPAT enabling public routing of the packets. -The use of privateaddresses presents two issues: Given that the CPE behind the RG will beusing dynamic private addresses, they cannot be used as part of theclassification parameters. Secondly, many applications require signalingmessages to convey dynamic IP addresses and port numbers of mediareceivers in their payloads. Existing static IP/transport layer policiesmay not be adequate in supporting session endpoints separated by NAT andfirewall entities. Therefore, Application Layer Gateway (ALG)capabilities may be required at the RG for opening and closing pinholesin the firewalls and maintaining the proper address translations fordynamically created ports associated with flows created by sessionendpoints. Some considerations with regard to ALG capabilities arediscussed in the next sections.

[0147] The BRAS can associate the IP address or ATM PVC of the RG with asubscriber and then use the ASP's address to match the source ordestination address of the packets to properly classify the flow. At thecustomer premises, the RG can match the ASP's address as the means ofclassifying the flow. Therefore, only the ASPs IP address (and possiblyport and protocol identifier) may be required for the bi-directionalflow to be classified correctly.

[0148] Certain types of applications may require additional informationto capture the flow. For these types of applications, the endpoints mayneed to provide additional classification information in the IP packetheader by marking the diffserv code point. The use of diffserv codepoints (DSCP) may be standardized which may allow the application tointelligently mark packets based on the expected treatment in thenetwork. DSCPs assigned by an untrusted entity can only be used aftersome edge device has performed a check on the classification of thepacket to ensure that it was marked correctly. The RG may not beconsidered a trusted element and, therefore, the BRAS may need to policeany classification performed by the RG—rather than simply accepting theDSCP that was provided. Depending on the relationship to the ASP, theRegional/Access network may be able to trust packets marked by the ASP.If the ASP is not trusted, either the BRAS or some other edge device mayneed to police the DSCPs.

[0149] 4.3 Business Models for Supporting Concurrent NSP and ASP AccessSessions

[0150]FIG. 7 illustrates several bandwidth relationships that can existon an ADSL access loop. In FIG. 7, the outer circle represents the totalbandwidth that is available within a virtual circuit on an ADSL lineafter the modems have been allowed to sync to a higher rate than isconventional. Within this total bandwidth there are two access sessionsshown: an ASP Access Session and a NSP Access Session. The NSP AccessSession, shown in light horizontal stripes, occupies a smaller spacethan the whole Virtual Circuit. This indicates that the NSP accesssession is not allowed to access the total bandwidth on the VirtualCircuit. Conventionally, the NSP Session and the Virtual Circuit wouldhave been the same bandwidth. By increasing the sync rate on the DSLmodems, additional bandwidth is created that exceeds that which the NSPhas purchased.

[0151] The ASP access session has essentially the same set of bandwidthas the Virtual Circuit. This would indicate that some set of conditionsexist where the ASP session could occupy all the bandwidth on the ADSLline. Several Applications are shown overlaid on the sessions and withinthe bandwidth limits assigned to the NSP and ASP. The NSP application(dark horizontal stripes) is a strict sub-set of the NSP Session and isusing a large fraction of the NSPs allowed bandwidth. The three otherapplications, however, show three salient relationships and businessmodels that can exist between applications in the ASP network and bothapplications as well as the access session for the NSP. Theserelationships will be described in the sections that follow.

[0152] 4.3.1 Simple Bandwidth Partitioning

[0153] The first example is the Headroom Application and is shown invertical stripes. This application is allowed to make use of only thatbandwidth that the NSP could never access. In this type of model, a NSPis provided a dedicated amount of bandwidth on the access loop—even ifthere is not dedicated bandwidth through the access network. In such anarrangement, ASP applications (or additional NSP access sessions) wouldonly receive bandwidth to which the modems could sync that was over andabove the rate sold to the NSP. In this arrangement, if the sync ratewere at or below the rate sold to the NSP, no additional applications oraccess sessions could be provided. This arrangement may be unnecessarilyrestrictive and may be difficult to implement.

[0154] The second example is the Sharing Application (shown checkered).This application has access to all the bandwidth described by theheadroom application, but also has access to additional bandwidth soldto the NSP, but not currently in use by applications in the NSP Session.A Sharing application can make use of all the bandwidth on the VC, butcan only use the “NSP” bandwidth when the NSP session is not using it.Unlike the previous model, this application can receive bandwidth evenwhen the sync rate is at or below the rate sold to the NSP. If the NSPapplications are making use of all their bandwidth, however, then theresult is similar to the arrangement described in the Headroomapplication. This arrangement could be described as work conserving, andmay be used for simple bandwidth partitioning.

[0155] 4.3.2 Priority and Dynamic Bandwidth Sharing

[0156] The third example is the Competing Application (shown intransparent gray). In this example, the application may have access tosome or all of the bandwidth used by the NSP and it may have access tothat bandwidth with greater, equal, or lesser precedence than the NSPapplications. Similarly, this application may also be able to pre-emptbandwidth that other ASP applications are attempting to use. This is themost complex arrangement, and the most flexible. A competing applicationcan compete for the bandwidth that NSP applications are attempting touse. Several cases of competing applications exist:

[0157] 1. The first case is when a competing application has the sameprecedence as that of the NSP application(s). In this case, bandwidth isshared fairly according to a typical algorithm, like round-robin, orWeighted Fair Queuing (WFQ). Also, inter-application congestionavoidance mechanisms, like those that are part of TCP can decide howapplications would share bandwidth in this case.

[0158] 2. A second case is when a competing application has greaterprecedence than that of the NSP application(s). In this case, bandwidthis given to the competing application in strict priority—only“left-over” bandwidth is provided to the other applications. This is thehighest QoS level, and may be provided with an upper bound on-thebandwidth that the application can obtain, i.e., a rate limit. If theapplication exceeds the upper bound, its traffic will be dropped. Thiscase is the most applicable to a VoIP application because it providesvery low latency and because VoIP is not bursty to the point that therate limit would be exceeded.

[0159] 3. A third case is when a competing application has a combinationof higher precedence and equal precedence. A rate, such as a committedinformation rate (CIR), is set and the application gets the sametreatment as described in case 2 up to that rate. If the applicationbursts above CIR, then that traffic which bursts is treated differently;it must compete: with the other-applications as described in case 1.

[0160] 4. A fourth case is when a competing application has acombination of higher precedence and lower precedence. A rate, such asa: CIR, is set and the application gets the same treatment as describedin case 2 up to that rate. If the application bursts above CIR, thenthat traffic which bursts is treated differently; it is treated like asharing application—only receiving the leftover bandwidth that the NSPapplication does not use.

[0161] 5. A fifth case is when a competing application has a combinationof higher precedence, equal precedence and a strict rate limit. A rate,such as a CIR, and a second, higher rate, Peak information Rate (PIR),is set. The application gets the same treatment as described in case 3up to the PIR rate. If the application bursts above PIR, then thattraffic will be dropped.

[0162] 6. Finally, there is a case when a competing application has acombination of higher precedence, equal precedence and lower precedence.As in case 5, a rate, such as a CIR, and a second, higher rate, such asa PIR, is set. The application gets the same treatment as described incase 3 up to the PIR rate. However, if the application exceeds the PIR,then that traffic is treated like a sharing application—only receivingthe bandwidth that the NSP does not use. These treatments can also beprovided among ASP applications and with finer granularity amongmultiple applications.

[0163] 4.4 Considerations Associated with this Approach

[0164] 4.4.1 Static Classifiers

[0165] The following issues may be considered when using staticclassifiers:

[0166] 1. There can only be one class of treatment per application.There is no sense of individual users within the residence using thesame service, but desiring different levels of service.

[0167] 2. Dynamic, commutative peer-to-peer applications cannot beeasily captured.

[0168] 3. Applications with multiple flows between the same destinationscannot be easily differentiated.

[0169] For applications like VoIP and video conferencing where the endpoints of a call may not be known a-priori, it is difficult to use astatic classification scheme.

[0170] Below are several approaches to resolve these issues:

[0171] a. Force the application to some well-known IP address that canbe used for classification purposes. This is true of a multipointvideoconference service that leverages a centralized (ASP provided) MCUor a VoIP call that is destined for a PSTN gateway or conference bridge.In both these cases, a static classifier can be used. This same approachcould be leveraged for on-net or point-to-point video calls. These callscould be routed to utilize an MCU, conference bridge, or PSTN gatewayeven though they are not required for any other reason other thanclassification. There are vendors in the marketplace that have developedproxy devices for this purpose. This may be less resource efficient,however, than allowing the calls to flow point-to-point.

[0172] b. Classify based on protocol used. For example, classificationbased on the use of RTP could be used. Basing the classification onprotocol alone, however, would enable other applications that use thatsame protocol to take advantage of QoS in the network without having topay for it. Additionally, differentiation between application flows thatuse the same protocol may not be achieved (e.g., voice and video usingRTP).

[0173] c. Rely on the CPE to mark packets. In this case the IP phone orvideo conference application emits packets marked with the properdiffserv code point so that the RG and BRAS can classify based on thatmarking. Any application choosing to mark their traffic, however, wouldbe able to take advantage of QoS in the network without having to payfor it.

[0174] d. QoS aware Application Layer Gateway (ALG). Similar to the wayALGs have been developed for allowing signals to traverse NPAT andfirewalls by inspecting signaling messages, a QoS ALG may be created toinspect the signaling packets for SDP messages and to dynamically createclassifiers during call setup. Given that initial signaling may bedestined for a well known address, (SIP proxy) the ALG can be staticallyconfigured to treat all RTP flows set up using a given SIPproxy—regardless of the actual communicating peers. As the ALG inspectsthe packets to modify the RG's firewall rules, it can also be used tomodify the RG's classification rules. This type of approach could beleveraged at the RG, where the number of sessions is small, but maypresent scaling issues if implemented in the BRAS.

[0175] e. Establish the classification information at call set up. Thismay require complex real time signaling mechanisms to be in place in thenetwork to modify classifiers at call establishment and teardown.

[0176] Until a signaling approach is available, using an approachsimilar to that-described in (a) appears to be the most reasonable froma technology and service offering perspective. A video-conferencing ASPthat does not provide centralized Media Control Unit (MCU) capabilitiesmay only add limited value above that which is already available in themarket. In the near term, most VoIP calls will likely be destined forPSTN gateways, and this arrangement provides a simple way to classify.

[0177] Differentiating applications with multiple flows between the samedestinations, is typically seen within (but is not limited to)commutative services, like video conferencing. These applicationstypically have multiple flows (control/signaling, audio, and video)associated with a single application, and there may be a desire to treatthem differently. As long as they use different well-known IP addressesor protocol types, then a static classifier can be used. Unfortunately,when the same protocol type is used (e.g., RTP for both audio and video)then there may not be a way to differentiate those streams if they areboth destined for the same IP interface (e.g., MCU). Below are threeapproaches to resolve this issue:

[0178] a. Require applications to use separate IP interfaces that expectdifferentiated treatment. An MCU, for example, could define one IPinterface for video and another for audio. This would enable separateclassification in the upstream and downstream direction in the RG andBRAS. Depending on the direction of the flow, either the source ordestination can be used to match to the ASPs IP interfaces.

[0179] b. Rely on the application to mark packets. In this case, thevideoconference application emits packets marked to the proper diffservcode point so that the RG and BRAS could classify based on that marking.As long as the packets are being transmitted to a well-known address,the classifier can use the combination of the DSCP and the destinationIP. Given that there is a fixed IP address, no other applications wouldbe able to utilize the QoS intended for this application.

[0180] c. Rely on knowledge of the actual RTP ports used by each of theflows to enable different treatments. This can be accomplished bystatically assigning ports using a QoS ALG function as described above,or through the use of a signaling protocol.

[0181] 4.4.2 Queue Structure

[0182] As the number of applications requiring QoS increases, so doesthe complexity of managing them in the access network. Over time, asmore and more ASPs deploy applications requiring QoS and bandwidthmanagement, the likelihood that multiple applications will be runningsimultaneously within the CPN may increase. The complexity of managingthese applications in a small number of queues with only three levels ofprecedence may become increasingly difficult given that there may nolonger be a well-defined priority relationship among them. One approachwould be to increase the number of queue types and behaviors. Diffservdefines four assured forwarding (AF) classes each with three levels ofdrop precedence. The addition of multiple AF classes to a strictpriority class (EF) and a low priority class (BE) already defined in theapplication framework can provide more granularity in queue andapplication behavior. It is unlikely, however, that the number of queuescan be scaled with the number of applications available.

[0183] While a limited number of additional queues may be available,their expected behavior may become increasingly complex to describe.Unfortunately, to make use of these additional behaviors, applicationsmust be able to define their requirements in a way that fits into thismodel. This becomes a challenge for two reasons: First, manyapplications do not understand that level of granularity andparticularly will not understand what other applications will be vyingfor the DSL line resources. Secondly, describing the inter-queue orinter-application behavior to ASPs so they can make use of thesecapabilities becomes more difficult as the number of queues increaseswithout strictly defining the amount of resources reserved per queue.This difficulty is in part the result of how diffserv was designed.Diffserv was not defined with the intent of managing per applicationflow behavior. Rather, it was defined to manage aggregate flow behaviorsin the core of the network. As the number of simultaneous applicationsincreases in the CPN and access network, the use of diffserv withoutresource reservation breaks down.

[0184] Leveraging a resource reservation approach can provide amechanism for managing increasing numbers of applications. Thereservation scheme need not necessarily require signaling. Atsubscription, time applications could reserve specific queues and couldprovide an intermediate solution. Longer term, as the number ofapplications continues to grow, a more dynamic reservation of resourceswill be required. In the dynamic case, applications may be able toreserve specific queues for the duration of the application flow, whichwill be released when they are done. In doing so, admission control tothe DSL resources can be provided in a way that the applicationsbehavior can be more clearly-described. Use of Resource ReservationProtocol (RSVP) would provide an example of the former case. Whilehaving been defined for some time, actual RSVP implementations areelusive due to its general complexity and scaling limitations.,-Admission control provides one way to provide an application dedicatedresources or to provide an indication when resources are not available.While conceptually attractive, it remains unclear if the complexity ofsuch an approach is feasible.

[0185] 5. Reference Data Model

[0186] In this section a description of the data required in each of thefunctional domains of the architecture (Regional/Access Network, RG,ASP, NSP, and subscriber) is presented. FIG. 8 illustrates a high levelrepresentation of the relationships between the different domains inaccordance with some embodiments of the present invention. Based on thisabstract view of the domains involved in providing an end-to-endservice, a data model can be constructed.

[0187] Dotted lines 1 and 2 illustrated in FIG. 8 indicate thatinformation is exchanged between the modules not specifically discussedwith respect to the interface reference model. The dashed linesillustrated in FIG. 8 indicate a physical connection and the solid linesillustrated in FIG. 8 indicate that information is exchanged within thescope of the interface reference model. In particular, lines 1 and 2illustrate exchanges between the subscriber and the NSP and ASP,respectively, when the subscriber, for example, signs up for service.Line 3 illustrates the configuration of the RG by the Regional/AccessNetwork. It will be understood that this may only be for the initialinstall. The ACS located with in the Regional/Access Network may handleall subsequent configuration changes. Line 4 illustrates the initiationof access sessions that are terminated in the DSL network. The ACSlocated with in the Regional/Access Network may communicate with the RGfor configuration updates. Finally, lines 5 and 6 of FIG. 8 illustratecommunication between the NSP/ASP and the DSL network that establishes aDSL connection. The ASP and NSP may also communicate bandwidth and QoSchanges per session or application.

[0188]FIG. 9 depicts a UML model capturing the type of data used tosupport bandwidth and QoS management in accordance with some embodimentsof the present invention. This model is provided for illustrationpurposes only and is not intended to represent a complete deploymentimplementation, which may use a wider scope of information beyondbandwidth and QoS. FIGS. 10 through 12 provide : additional detailswithin the main domains, in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent invention, and are described below. The remainder of thissection provides a detailed description of the data records andattributes captured in the presented UML model.

[0189] 5.1 Subscriber Maintained Data

[0190] The following data elements-are maintained at Subscriber Premises(this record is maintained by the subscriber—it could be stored on a PCor any other storage device/media) in accordance with some embodimentsof the present invention: Record Type Elements Description SourceNSPSubscriber The subscribers need to know their PPP SessionDSL_line_ID, NSPSubscriber_ID and Record NSPSubscriber_Password foraccessing their 970 NSP networks. Only a single NSP PPP session recordcan exist. DSL_Line_ID DSL_Line_ID is a unique identifier for the DSLDSL_Line_ID is provided line. Currently the TN is used as such an by theRegional/Access identifier. Network Provider at subscription time.NSPSubscriber_ID This ID is used for accessing the NSP networks.Assigned by the NSP at the time of subscription NSPSubscriber_(—)Subscriber_Password is initially set by the NSP, Initially assigned bythe Password later it can be changed by the Subscriber. It is NSP atsubscription time. used together with the NSPSubscriber_ID to Can bechanged by the access the NSP networks. subscriber. Personal Thesubscribers need to know their NSPSubscriber DSL_line_ID,PersonalNSPSubscriber_ID and PPP Session Personal NSPSubscriber_Passwordfor accessing Record their Personal NSP network. Multiple records 974can exist. DSL_Line_ID As defined above As defined above PersonalNSPThis ID is used for accessing the Personal NSP Assigned by the PersonalSubscriber_ID networks. NSP at the time of subscription.PersonalNSPSubscriber_(—) It is used together with the Initiallyassigned by the Password PersonalNSPSubscriber_ID to access the PNSPPNSP at the time of networks. subscription. Can be changed by thesubscriber. ASPSubscriber The subscribers need to know their PPP SessionDSL_line_ID, ASPSubscriber_ID and Record ASPSubscriber_Password foraccessing their 972 ASP services. For each application they subscribeto, they need to maintain their User_ID and Password. Only one ASP PPPsession record can exist. DSL_Line_ID As defined above As defined aboveASPSubscriber_ID This ID is used for accessing the ASP networks.Provided by ASP at the time of subscription ASPSubscriber_(—) It is usedtogether with the ASPSubscriber_ID to Initially assigned by ASP Passwordaccess the ASP networks. at the time of subscription. Can be changed bythe subscriber. User Account This record is maintained by user/users ofCreated at the time of Record services provided over the Regional/Accesssubscription to ASP 976, 978, 980 Network. A user account is tied to asubscriber services account. Multiple user accounts can be associatedwith a single subscriber account. Note: There is one or multiple UserAccount Record under each of the NSPSubscriber PPP Session Record,Personal NSPSubscriber PPP Session Record, and ASPSubscriber PPP SessionRecord. User_ID This ID is used for accessing the given service.Assigned by a given ASP to a particular user at the time subscriptionUser_Password It is used together with the User_ID to access a Initiallyassigned by a given service, given ASP to a particular user at the timeof subscription. Can be changed by the subscriber.

[0191] 5.2 Routing Gateway

[0192] Routing Gateway is a customer premises functional element thatprovides IP routing and QoS capabilities. The main functions of the RGmay include one or more of: IP routing between the CPN and the AccessNetwork; multi-user, multi-destination support (Multiple simultaneousPPPoE sessions (started from the RG or from devices inside the CPN) inconjunction with non-PPP encapsulated IP (bridged) sessions); networkAddress Port Translation (NAPT); PPPoE pass though; multiple queues withscheduling mechanism; and/or IP QoS.

[0193] The following data elements are maintained at the RG inaccordance with some embodiments of the present invention: Record TypeElements Description Source Routing Routing Gateway Record is maintainedby RG. It is initialized with the initial Gateway Record configurationby the manufacturer 902 or configured by the user during the installprocess. The ACS can also update this record during and after theinitial install. DSL_Line_ID As defined above As defined aboveDSL_Sync_Rate DSL_Sync_Rate is the current physical layer It ispopulated by RG during modem synch rate of the DSL line. This recordtraining. includes both upstream and downstream metrics. It alsoincludes what is the maximum obtainable synch rate NSP PPP NSP PPPSession Record is maintained by the Session Record RG to storeinformation specific to the 904 community NSP access session. Thissession is launched by the RG and provides the CPN with a default route.Only one community NSP record can exist. NSPSubscriber_ID This ID isused for accessing the DSL and NSP Assigned by NSP at subscriptionnetworks. time. NSPSubscriber_Password It is used together with theSubscriber_ID to NSPSubscriber_Password is initially access the DSL andNSP networks. set by the NSP, later it can be changed by the Subscriber.Session_Classifier This parameter contains classification This value ispopulated based on parameters to identify the NSP PPP sessionconfiguration data received from the (i.e. Ethertype and FQDN). ACS.Session_Priority Optional - Indicates the priority level of the Thisvalue is populated based on NSP PPP connection relative to the other PPPconfiguration data received from the sessions present - only required ifDSL ACS. bandwidth is shared across PPP sessions and need so establish apriority relationship across the PPP sessions Session_Bandwidth TheSession_Bandwidth contains information This value is initialized basedon a about the maximum bandwidth assigned to this default value or onthe Profile Data NSP PPP access session. received from the ACS. ASP PPPASP PPP Session Record is maintained by the Session Record RG to storeinformation specific to the ASP 906 access session. This PPP session islaunched by the RG and receives routes, via RIP, to the ASP network.Only one ASP record can exist. ASPSubscriber_ID This ID is used foraccessing the ASP network Assigned by ASP at subscription (andpotentially ASP applications although the time RG would not beinvolved). ASPSubscriber_Password It is used together with theASPSubscriber_ID Initially set by the ASP, later it can to access theRegional/Access Network. (and be changed by the Subscriber potentiallyASP applications although the RG would not be involved)Session_Classifier This parameter contains classification This value ispopulated based on parameters to identify the ASP PPP sessionconfiguration data received from the (i.e. Ethertype and FQDN). ACS.Session_Priority Optional - Indicates the priority level of the Thisvalue, is populated based on ASP PPP connection relative to the otherPPP configuration data received from the sessions present - onlyrequired if DSL ACS. bandwidth is shared across PPP sessions and need toestablish a priority relationship across the PPP sessionsSession_Bandwidth The Session_Bandwidth contains information This valueis populated based on about the maximum bandwidth (upstream andconfiguration data received from the downstream) assigned to this ASPPPP access ACS. session. Application The Application Flow Record ismaintained Flow Record by the RG for each application service that 910subscriber or users of the DSL line subscribe to. It is used to storeapplication specific data. Multiple application records can exist.Flow_Classifier Flow_Classifier contains classification This value ispopulated based on parameters to identify the application flow (IPconfiguration data received from the 5 tuple). ACS. Flow_PriorityIndicates the priority level of the application This value is populatedbased on within the ASP PPP connection. This configuration data receivedfrom the parameter indicates the treatment of the ACS. application flow(what queue it should be placed in) as well as any marking requirements(DSCP). Flow_Bandwidth Flow_Bandwidth parameter is assigned to the Thisvalue is populated based on given application based on the negotiatedvalue configuration data received from the between the ASP and theRegional/Access ACS. Network. It indicates the maximum upstream anddownstream bandwidth. It is used by the RG to shape and police theapplication flow. Personal NSP Personal NSP PPP Session Record is PPPSession maintained by the RG to store information Record specific to thePersonal NSP access session. 908 Multiple records can exist.Session_Classifier This parameter contains classification This value ispopulated based on parameters to identify the PNSP PPP sessionconfiguration data received from the (i.e. Ethertype and FQDN). ACS.Session_Priority Optional - Indicates the priority level of the Thisvalue is populated based on PNSP PPP connection relative to the otherPPP configuration data received from the sessions present - onlyrequired if DSL ACS. bandwidth is shared across PPP sessions and need toestablish a priority relationship across the PPP sessions.Session_Bandwidth The Session_Bandwidth contains information This valueis populated based on about the maximum bandwidth assigned to theconfiguration data received from the PNSP access service. ACS.

[0194] 5.3 Regional/Access Network

[0195] The primary function of the Regional/Access Network is to provideend-to-end data transport between the customer premises and the NSP orASP. The Regional/Access Network may also provide higher layerfunctions, such as QoS and bandwidth management. QoS may be provided bytightly coupling traffic-engineering capabilities of the RegionalNetwork with the capabilities of the BRAS.

[0196] The following data elements are maintained at the Regional/AccessNetwork in, for example, a Regional/Access Network Record 920 inaccordance with some embodiments -of the present invention: Record TypeElements Description Source DSL Line Record The DSL line record ismaintained in the 922 Regional/Access Network and is unique to each DSLline. It maintains data specific to a DSL line and the sessions thattraverse it. DSL_Line_ID As defined above As defined above DSL_Sync_RateDSL_Sync_Rate is the current physical This data is obtained from thelayer synch rate of the DSL line. This DSLAM EMS and the RG recordincludes both upstream and downstream metrics. It also includes what arethe maximum obtainable data rates in either direction. NSP PPP SessionNSP PPP Session Record is maintained by Record the Regional/AccessNetwork to store 926 information specific to the community NSP PPPaccess sessions. The NSP access record is tied to the DSL Line Record.Only one can exist. SP_ID Uniquely identifies the NSP that the Assignedby the subscriber has a relationship with. Used to Regional/AccessNetwork cross reference users to NSPs who make Provider when a wholesaleturbo/QoS requests. relationship is established with the NSPSession_Classifier This parameter contains classification Provided bythe NSP at parameters to identify the NSP PPP session subscription time.(i.e. Ethertype and FQDN). Session_Priority Optional - Indicates thepriority level of the The Regional/Access Network NSP PPP connectionrelative to the other Provider initializes this value at PPP sessionspresent - only required if subscription time based on the DSL bandwidthis shared across PPP business model and type of sessions and need toestablish a priority wholesale access that is being relationship acrossthe PPP sessions sold to the NSP and its relationship to the ASP or thePNSP sessions. Session_Bandwidth The Session_Bandwidth contains Thisvalue is set by the NSP. information about the maximum bandwidth(upstream and downstream) assigned to this NSP PPP session. PersonalNSPPPP PersonalNSP PPP Session Record is Session Record maintained by theRegional/Access 930 Network to store information specific to thePersonal NSP PPP access sessions. Multiple records can exist. SP_ID Asdefined above As defined above Session_Classifier This parametercontains classification Provided by the NSP at parameters to identifythe PNSP PPP subscription time. session (i.e. Ethertype and FQDN).Session_Priority Optional - Indicates the priority level of the TheRegional/Access Network PNSP PPP connection relative to the otherProvider initializes this value at PPP sessions present - only requiredif subscription time based on the DSL bandwidth is shared across PPPbusiness model and type of sessions and need to establish a prioritywholesale access that is being relationship across the PPP sessions soldto the NSP and its relationship to the ASP or the PNSP sessions.Assigned by PNSP and passed to Regional/Access network via NNI messageinterface. Session_Bandwidth The Session_Bandwidth contains This valueis initially set by the information about the maximum bandwidth PNSP,(upstream and downstream) assigned to this PNSP PPP session. ASP PPPSession ASP PPP Session Record is maintained by Record theRegional/Access Network to store 928 information specific to the ASP PPPsession. The ASP PPP Record is tied to the DSL Line Record. Only one ASPrecord can exist. SP_ID As defined above As defined aboveSession_Classifier This parameter contains classification Provided bythe ASP at parameters to identify the ASP PPP session subscription time(i.e. Ethertype and FQDN). Session_Priority Optional - Indicates thepriority level of the The Regional/Access Network ASP PPP connectionrelative to the other Provider initializes this value at PPP sessionspresent - only required if subscription time based on the DSL bandwidthis shared across PPP business model and type of sessions and need toestablish a priority wholesale access that is being relationship acrossthe PPP sessions sold to the NSP and its relationship to the ASP or thePNSP sessions. Assigned by ASP and passed to Regional/Access network viaNNI message interface. Session_Bandwidth The Session_Bandwidth containsThis value is initially set by the information about the maximumbandwidth Regional/Access Network (upstream and downstream) assigned tothis Provider, but could be modified ASP PPP session. by individual ASPsthat request more bandwidth for their application. An alternative modelis that this value is set to the max value initially and ASPs onlyaffect their allotment of bandwidth within the PPP session. ApplicationFlow The Application Flow Record contains Record specific details aboutan application within 932 the ASP session. This record is tied to theASP account record. Many application records can be associated with anASP account record. Flow_Classifier Flow_Classifier containsclassification Values provided by the ASP. parameters to identify theapplication flow (IP 5 tuple). It is used by the BRAS & the RG.Flow_Priority Indicates the priority level of the Provided by the ASP.application within the ASP PPP connection. Regional/Access Network Thisparameter indicates the treatment of Provider provides available theapplication flow (what queue it should options to select. be placed in)as well as any marking requirements (DSCP). It is used by the BRAS andthe RG Flow_Bandwidth Flow_Bandwidth parameter is assigned to Thesevalues are provided by the given application based on the the ASP tomeet the needs of the negotiated value between the ASP and theapplication. Regional/Access Network. It indicates the maximum upstreamand downstream bandwidth. It is used by the BRAS & the RG to shape andpolice the application flow. Service Provider The service ProviderRecord is used to Record authenticate service providers (NSPs, 924 ASPs)who wish to query the Regional/Access Network for information and makebandwidth and or QoS requests. SP_ID As defined above As defined aboveSP_Credentials Used so authenticate this service provider Assigned bythe together with SP_ID when connecting to Regional/Access Network theRegional/Access Network. Provider Authorization Represents what recordsthe SP has access Assigned by the to (DSL line records can it makeRegional/Access Network queries/modifications to) Provider CDR_DataStores billing data for wholesale access to This data is generated bythe Turbo and QoS controls Regional/Access Network Provider

[0197] 5.4 Application Service Provider

[0198] The Application Service Provider (ASP) is defined as a ServiceProvider that shares a common infrastructure provided by theRegional/Access Network and an IP address assigned and managed by theRegional Network Provider. In particular embodiments of the presentinvention, the ASP provides one or more of: application services to thesubscriber (gaming, video, content on demand, IP Telephony, etc.);service assurance relating to this application service; additionalsoftware or CPE; and/or a contact point for all subscriber problemsrelated to the provision of specific service applications and anyrelated subscriber software. However, the ASP may not provide or managethe assignment of IP address to the subscribers.

[0199] The following data elements may be maintained at the ASP inaccordance with some embodiments of the present invention: Record TypeElements Description Source ASP Record ASP Record is maintained by eachservice provider. 960 This record contains the service provider's name,password, and other related information that identifies this unique ASPand is used to communicate with Regional/Access Network Provider. ASP_IDUsed to uniquely identify an ASP that has a business Assigned byrelationship with Regional/Access Network Regional/Access NetworkProvider. Provider at the time of connecting the ASP to the ASP network.ASP_Credentials Used to authenticate an ASP together with ASP_IDAssigned by when a service session is established with a Regional/AccessNetwork Regional/Access Network Provider. Provider at the time ofconnecting the ASP to the ASP network. ASP Subscriber ASP SubscriberRecord is maintained by ASP that Record provides the applicationservice. This record 962 uniquely identifies the subscriber and servicerelated data. DSL_Line_ID As defined above As defined aboveASPSubscriber_ID This ID is used for accessing the DSL and ASP Assignedby the ASP at the networks. time of subscription. ASPSubscriber_(—) Itis used together with the ASPSubscriber_ID to Assigned by the ASP at thePassword access the ASP application. time of subscription. Note: The ASPSubscriber ID and Password are only used by ASP for its own purpose andwill not be used or referenced by Regional/Access Network forauthentication purpose. It is just for maintaining ASP data integrity.Session_Classifier Local copy of Regional/Access Network ASP PPPAcquired from the Session Classification info. Regional/Access Networkthrough the ANI interface. Session_Priority Local copy ofRegional/Access Network ASP PPP Acquired from the Session Priority info.Regional/Access Network through the ANI interface. Session_BandwidthLocal copy of the Regional/Access Network ASP Acquired from the PPPSession Bandwidth Info. Regional/Access Network through the ANIinterface. Application Flow This record is maintained by the ASP andused to Control Record store application specific information such as966 bandwidth arrangement and QoS settings. This record is tied to theASP bandwidth Record. Multiple Application Record can be associated withone single ASP bandwidth record. Flow_Classifier Flow_Classifiercontains classification parameters Values provided by the ASP. toidentify the application flow (IP 5 tuple). It is used by the BRAS & theRG. Flow_Priority Indicates the priority level of the application withinProvided by the ASP. The the ASP PPP connection. This parameterindicates Regional/Access Network the treatment of the application flow(what queue it Provider specifies available should be placed in) as wellas any marking options to select. requirements (DSCP). It is used by theBRAS and the RG Flow_Bandwidth Flow_Bandwidth parameter is assigned tothe given These values are provided application based on the negotiatedvalue between by the ASP to meet the the ASP and the Regional/AccessNetwork Provider. needs of the application. It indicates the maximumupstream and downstream bandwidth. It is used by the BRAS & the RG toshape and police the application flow. ASP User Account This record ismaintained by the ASP. An ASP user 964 account is tied to an ASPsubscriber account. Multiple user accounts can be associated with asingle subscriber account. User_ID This ID is used for accessing thegiven service. Assigned by a given ASP to a particular user.User_Password It is used together with the User_ID to access aUser_Password is initially given service. assigned by an ASP. Can bechanged by the user.

[0200] 5.5 Network Service Provider

[0201] The Network Service Provider (NSP) is defined as a ServiceProvider that requires extending a Service Provider-specific InternetProtocol (IP) address. This is the typical application of conventionalDSL service. The NSP owns and procures addresses that they, in turn,allocate individually or in blocks to their subscribers. The subscribersare typically located in Customer Premises Networks (CPNs). The NSPservice may be subscriber-specific, or communal when an address isshared using NAPT throughout a CPN. The NSP may include Internet ServiceProviders (ISPs) and Corporate Service Providers (CSPs); may beresponsible for overall service assurance; may provide CPE, or softwareto run on customer-owned CPE, to support a given service; may providethe customer contact point for any and all customer related problemsrelated to the provision of this service; and/or may authenticate accessand provides and manages the assignment of IP address to thesubscribers.

[0202] The following data elements are maintained at the NSP inaccordance with some embodiments of the present invention: Record TypeElements Description Source NSP Record NSP Record is maintained by eachNSP. This 940, 950 record contains the service provider's name,password, and other related information that identifies this uniqueservice provider and is used communicate with access NSP. NSP_IDUniquely identifies the NSP that the subscriber Assigned byRegional/Access has a relationship with. Used to cross Network Providerat the time reference users to NSPs who make turbo/QoS of connecting theNSP. requests NSP_Credentials Used to authenticate this NSP togetherwith Assigned by Regional/Access NSP_ID when a service session isestablished Network Provider at the time with a DSL access network forrequesting a of connecting the NSP. network service. NSP Subscriber NSPSubscriber Record is maintained by NSP Record that provides the networkservice. This record 942, 952 uniquely identifies the subscriber andservice related data. DSL_Line_ID As defined above As defined aboveNSPSubscriber_ID This ID is used for accessing the DSL and Assigned to aDSL subscriber NSP networks. by the NSP. NSPSubscriber_(—) It is usedtogether with the NSPSubscriber_ID Assigned by the ASP at the Passwordto access the NSP application. time of subscription. Note: The NSPSubscriber ID and Password are only used by NSP for its own purpose andwill not be used or referenced by Regional/Access Network forauthentication purpose. It is just for maintaining the NSP dataintegrity. Session_Classifier Local copy of Regional/Access Network NSPAcquired from the PPP Session Classification info Regional/AccessNetwork through the NNI interface. Session_Priority Local copy ofRegional/Access Network NSP Acquired from the PPP Session Priority info.Regional/Access Network through the NNI interface. Session_BandwidthLocal copy of the Regional/Access Network Acquired from the ASP PPPSession Bandwidth Info. Regional/Access Network through the NNIinterface. NSP User Account This record is maintained by the NSP. A NSP944, 954 user account is tied to an NSP subscriber account. Multipleuser accounts can be associated with a single subscriber account.User_ID This ID is used for accessing the given service. Assigned by agiven NSP to a particular user. User_Password User_Password is initiallyassigned by a NSP. Can be changed by the user.

[0203] 6. Reference Interface Specification and Detailed Message Flow

[0204] This interface reference specification defines an interfacebetween the Regional/Access Network and a Network Service Provider(NSP), a Personal NSP (PNSP), and an Application Service Provider (ASP)as well as an interface between the Regional/Access Network and RoutingGateway (RG) for enabling the NSP/PNSP/ASP to utilize the bandwidth andQoS management capabilities provided by the Regional/Access Network intheir NSP/PNSP/ASP applications, in accordance with some embodiments ofthe present invention.

[0205] 6.1 Interface Between RG and Regional/Access Network

[0206] This section defines the messaging interface between theRegional/Access Network and the Routing Gateway, in accordance with someembodiments of the present invention. This interface does not define anymessage for RG or ACS authentication assuming both of them are part ofthe DSL Network infrastructure.

[0207] 1. UpdateSessionBandwidthInfo(DSL_Line_ID, SP_ID,Session_Classifier, Session_Priority, Session_Bandwidth)

[0208] This message is sent from the Regional/Access Network to aspecified RG (via ACS) as a notification when new bandwidth and QoSinformation for a PPP session becomes available. The bandwidth and QoSrelated parameters include Session_Classifier, Session_Priority, andSession_Bandwidth. These parameters will be stored in the NSP PPPSession Record, PNSP PPP Session Record, or ASP PPP Session Recorddepending on the SP_ID. These session records are defined in the DSLData Reference Model.

[0209] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's Line Identification.

[0210] SP_ID: The identifier of service provider requesting for service.The service provider can only be NSP, PNSP, or ASP.

[0211] Session_Classifier: PPP session classifier.

[0212] Session_Priority: Session priority indicator.

[0213] Session_Bandwidth: Bandwidth data including upstream bandwidthand downstream bandwidth.

[0214] 2. UpdateSessionBandwidthAck(DSL_Line_ID, SP_ID)

[0215] This message is sent from the RG to the Regional/Access Network(via ACS) as an acknowledgement of receiving the update sessionbandwidth information notification.

[0216] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line identification.

[0217] SP_ID: The identifier of service provider requesting for service.The service provider can only be NSP, PNSP, or ASP.

[0218] 3. UpdateAppFlowControlInfo(DSL_Line_ID, SP_ID, Flow_Classifier,Flow_Priority, Flow_Bandwidth)

[0219] This message is sent from the Regional/Access Network to aspecified RG (via ACS) as a notification of new bandwidth and QoS infofor application flow becoming available. The parameters includingFlow_Classifier, Flow_Priority, and Flow_Bandwidth will replace theexisting data stored in the Application Flow Control Record defined inthe Regional/Access Data Reference Model.

[0220] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line identification.

[0221] SP_ID: The identifier of service provider requesting for service.The service provider can only be NSP, PNSP, or ASP.

[0222] Flow_Classifier: Application flow classifier.

[0223] Flow_Priority: Priority queue indicator.

[0224] Flow_Bandwidth: Flow bandwidth information for shaping andpolicing.

[0225] 4. UpdateAppFlowControlAck(DSL_Line_ID, SP_ID)

[0226] This message is sent from the RG to the Regional/Access Network(via ACS) as an acknowledgement of receiving the update application flowcontrol info notification.

[0227] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line identification.

[0228] SP_ID: The identifier of service provider requesting for service.The service provider can only be NSP, PNSP, or ASP.

[0229] 5. UpdateSessionBandwidthRequest(DSL_Line_ID, SP_ID)

[0230] This message is sent from the RG to the Regional/Access Network(via ACS) as a request for obtaining the PPP session level of thebandwidth and QoS settings stored at the Regional/Access Network for thespecified subscriber line.

[0231] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line identification.

[0232] SP_ID: The identifier of service provider requesting for service.The service provider can only be NSP, PNSP, or ASP.

[0233] 6. UpdateSessionBandwidthResponse(DSL_Line_ID, SP_ID,Session_Classifier, Session_Priority, Session_Bandwidth, Return_Code)

[0234] This message is sent from the Regional/Access Network to the RG(via ACS) as a response for getting the PPP session level of thebandwidth and QoS settings request.

[0235] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line identification.

[0236] SP_ID: The identifier of service provider requesting for service.The service provider can only be NSP, PNSP, or ASP.

[0237] Session_Classifier: PPP session classifier.

[0238] Session_Priority: Session priority indicator.

[0239] Session_Bandwidth: Session bandwidth information includingupstream bandwidth and downstream bandwidth.

[0240] Return_Code: Return code from the Regional/Access Network,indicating if the request is accomplished successfully.

[0241] 7. UpdateAppFlowControlRequest(DSL_Line_ID, SP_ID)

[0242] This message is sent from the RG to the Regional/Access Network(via ACS) as a request for obtaining the application flow level of thebandwidth and QoS settings stored at the Regional/Access Network for thespecified subscriber line.

[0243] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line identification.

[0244] SP_ID: The identifier of service provider requesting for service.The service provider can only be NSP, PNSP, or ASP.

[0245] 8. UpdateAppFlowControlResponse(DSL_Line_ID, SP_ID,Flow_Classifier, Flow_Priority, Flow_Bandwidth, Return_Code)

[0246] This message is sent from the Regional/Access Network to the RG(via ACS) as a response for getting the application flow level of thebandwidth and QoS settings request.

[0247] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line identification.

[0248] SP_ID: The identifier of service provider requesting for service.The service provider can only be NSP, PNSP, or ASP.

[0249] Flow_Classifier: Application flow classifier.

[0250] Flow_Priority: Priority queue indicator.

[0251] Flow_Bandwidth: Flow bandwidth information for shaping andpolicing.

[0252] Return_Code: Return code from the DSL Network, indicating if therequest is accomplished successfully.

[0253] 6.2 Interface Between Regional/Access Network and ASP

[0254] This section defines the messaging interface between theRegional/Access Network and the Application Service Providers, inaccordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

[0255] 1. EstablishServiceSessionRequest (SP_ID, SP_Credentials)

[0256] This message is sent from an ASP to the Regional/Access Networkas a request for establishing a communication session. All the ASPs needto be authenticated by the Regional/Access Network before the networkbandwidth and QoS service capabilities can be accessed. With thisrequest, the ASP can specify a life span of this session by providing alife span parameter that could be imbedded in the SP_Credentials. Whenthe specified life-span expires, the ASP must resend this request toestablish a new service session.

[0257] SP_ID: Service Provider Identification. SP_Credentials: ServiceProvider Credentials.

[0258] 2. EstablishServiceSessionResponse (Authorization, Return_Code)

[0259] This message is sent from the Regional/Access Network to theservice provider as a response for the communication sessionestablishment request. The Regional/Access Network returns anauthorization code indicating what services and resources are authorizedfor the service provider to access.

[0260] Authorization: Authorization code indicating what Regional/AccessNetwork resources is authorized for the service provider to access.

[0261] Return_Code: Return code from the Regional/Access Network,indicating if the request is accomplished successfully.

[0262] 3. CreateAppFlowControlRecordRequest (Authorization, DSL_Line_ID,SP_ID, Flow_Classifier, Flow_Priority, Flow_Bandwidth)

[0263] This message is sent from an ASP to the Regional/Access Networkas a request for creating an application specific flow control recorddefined as Application Flow Control Record in DSL Data Model. Theinitial settings are provided with Flow_Classifier, SP_ID,Flow_Priority, and Flow_Bandwidth.

[0264] Authorization: Authorization code obtained when the servicesession is established.

[0265] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line identification.

[0266] SP_ID: The identifier of service provider requesting for service.The service provider can only be ASP.

[0267] Flow_Classifier: 5-tuple (source IP address, source port,destination IP address, destination port, protocol type) identifying aunique application flow.

[0268] Flow_Priority: Priority queue setting

[0269] Flow_Bandwidth: Flow bandwidth information for shapingand-policing.

[0270] 4. CreateAppFlowControlRecordResponse (DSL_Line_ID, Return_Code)

[0271] This message is sent from the Regional/Access Network to the ASPas a response for the creation of the application flow control recordrequest.

[0272] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line identification.

[0273] Return_Code: Return code from the Regional/Access Network,indicating if the request is accomplished successfully.

[0274] 5. DeleteAppFlowControlRecordRequest (Authorization, DSL_Line_ID,SP_ID, Flow_Classifier)

[0275] This message is sent from an ASP to the Regional/Access Networkas a request for deleting an Application Flow Control Record defined inDSL Data Model.

[0276] Authorization: Authorization code obtained when the servicesession is established.

[0277] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line identification.

[0278] SP_ID: The identifier of service provider requesting for service.The service provider can only be ASP.

[0279] Flow_Classifier: Identifier of an application flow.

[0280] 6. DeleteAppFlowControlRecordResponse (DSL_Line_ID, Return_Code)

[0281] This message is sent from the Regional/Access Network to the ASPas a response for the deletion of the application flow control recordrequest.

[0282] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line identification.

[0283] Return_Code: Return code from the Regional/Access Network,indicating if the request is accomplished successfully.

[0284] 7. ChangeAppFlowControlRequest (Authorization, DSL_Line_ID,SP_ID, Flow_Classifier, Flow_Priority, Flow_Bandwidth)

[0285] An ASP can send this message to the Regional/Access Network as arequest for changing the Priority and. Shaping Data defined in theApplication Flow Control Record of the DSL Data Model.

[0286] Authorization: Authorization code obtained when the servicesession is established.

[0287] DSL_Line_ID:Subscriber's line identification.

[0288] SP_ID: The identifier of service provider requesting for service.The service provider should be an ASP.

[0289] Flow_Classifer: Application traffic flow identifier.

[0290] Flow_Priority: The application priority queue indicator forreplacing the existing settings.

[0291] Flow_Bandwidth: Flow bandwidth information for replacing theexisting settings.

[0292] 8. ChangeAppFlowControlResponse (DSL_Line_ID, Return_Code)

[0293] This message is sent from the Regional/Access Network to theservice provider as a response for the bandwidth change request. AReturn_Code is sent back indicating whether the change is successful.

[0294] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line identification.

[0295] Return_Code: Return code from the Regional/Access Network,indicating if the request is accomplished successfully.

[0296] 9. QueryAppFlowControlRequest (Authorization, DSL_Line_ID, SP_ID,Flow_Classifier)

[0297] An ASP can send this message to the Regional/Access Network as arequest for querying the application specific priority and shapinginformation contained in the Application Flow Control Record.

[0298] Authorization: Authorization code obtained when the servicesession is established.

[0299] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line ID.

[0300] SP_ID: Identifier of the service provider requesting forbandwidth and priority information.

[0301] Flow_Classifier: Identifier of an application flow.

[0302] 10. QueryAppFlowControlResponse (DSL_Line_ID, Flow_Classifier,Flow_Priority, Flow_Bandwidth, Return_Code)

[0303] This message is sent from the Regional/Access Network to theservice provider as a response for the bandwidth info request. Thebandwidth data record is returned.

[0304] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line identification.

[0305] Flow_Classifier: Identifier of an application flow.

[0306] Flow_Priority: Current priority queue setting.

[0307] Flow_Bandwidth: Current bandwidth setting for shaping andpolicing.

[0308] Return_Code: Return code from the Regional/Access Network,indicating if the request is accomplished successfully.

[0309] 11. QuerySessionBandwidthRequest (Authorization, DSL_Line_ID,SP_ID)

[0310] An ASP, can send this message to the Regional/Access Network as arequest for querying the PPP session bandwidth and priority informationassociated with the specified DSL_Line_ID. The data is stored in ASP PPPSession record defined in the DSL Data Model.

[0311] Authorization: Authorization code obtained when the servicesession is established.

[0312] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line ID.

[0313] SP_ID: Identifier of the service provider requesting forbandwidth and priority information.

[0314] 12. QuerySessionBandwidthResponse (DSL_Line_ID,Session_Classifier, Session_Priority, Session_Bandwidth)

[0315] This message is sent from the Regional/Access Network to theservice provider as a response for the bandwidth info request. Thebandwidth data record is returned.

[0316] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line identification.

[0317] Session_Classifier: PPP session classifier used to identify PPPsession traffic flow.

[0318] Session_Priority: Current Priority queue setting.

[0319] Session_Bandwidth: Current session bandwidth setting.

[0320] 13. TerminateServiceSessionRequest (SP_ID, Authorization)

[0321] This message is sent from an ASP to the Regional/Access Networkas a request for terminating a communication session.

[0322] SP_ID: Service Provider Identification.

[0323] Authorization: Authorization code indicating what Regional/AccessNetwork resources is authorized for the service provider to access.

[0324] 14. TerminateServiceSessionResponse (SP_ID, Return_Code)

[0325] This message is sent from the Regional/Access Network to theservice provider as a response for the communication session terminationrequest.

[0326] SP_ID: Service-Provider Identification.

[0327] Return_Code: Return code from the Regional/Access Network,indicating if the request is accomplished successfully.

[0328] 6.3 Interface Between Regional/Access Network and NSP

[0329] This section defines the messaging interface between theRegional/Access Network and Network Service Provider, in accordance withsome embodiments of the present invention.

[0330] 1. EstablishServiceSessionRequest (SP_ID, SP_Credentials)

[0331] This message is sent from a NSP to the Regional/Access Network asa request for establishing a communication session. The NSPs need to beauthenticated by the Regional/Access Network before the networkbandwidth and QoS service capabilities can be accessed. With thisrequest, the NSP can specify a life cycle of this session by providing alife span parameter imbedded in the SP_Credentials. When the specifiedlife span expires, the NSP must resend this request to establish a newservice session.

[0332] SP_ID: Service Provider Identification.

[0333] SP_Credentials: Service Provider Credentials.

[0334] 2. EstablishServiceSessionResponse (Authorization; Return_Code)

[0335] This message is sent from the Regional/Access Network to theservice provider as a response for the communication sessionestablishment request. The Regional/Access Network returns anauthorization code indicating what services and resources are authorizedfor the service provider to access.

[0336] Authorization: Authorization code indicating what Regional/AccessNetwork resources is authorized for the service provider to access.

[0337] Return_Code: Return code from the Regional/Access Network,indicating if the request is accomplished successfully.

[0338] 3. ChangeSessionBandwidthRequest (Authorization, DSL_Line_ID,SP_ID, Session_Classifier, Session_Priority, Session_Bandwidth)

[0339] A NSP can send this message to the Regional/Access Network as arequest for changing the PPP session bandwidth and priority informationassociated with the specified DSL_Line_ID. The data is stored in the NSPPPP Session Record defined in the DSL Data Model.

[0340] Authorization: Authorization code obtained when the servicesession is established.

[0341] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line identification.

[0342] SP_ID: Identifier of service provider requesting for service.

[0343] Session_Classifier: PPP session classifier used to identify PPPsession traffic flow.

[0344] Session_Priority: Session priority indicator setting to replacethe current one.

[0345] Session_Bandwidth: Session bandwidth information for replacingthe existing one.

[0346] 4. ChangeSessionBandwidthResponse (DSL_Line_ID, Return_Code)

[0347] This message is sent from the Regional/Access Network to theservice provider as a response for the bandwidth change request. AReturn_Code is sent back indicating whether the change is successful.

[0348] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line identification.

[0349] Return_Code: Return code from the Regional/Access Network,indicating if the request is accomplished successfully.

[0350] 5. QuerySessionBandwidthRequest (Authorization, DSL_Line_ID,SP_ID)

[0351] A NSP can send this message to the Regional/Access Network as arequest for querying the PPP session bandwidth and priority informationassociated with the specified DSL_Line_ID. The data is stored in the NSPPPP Session Record defined in the DSL Data Model.

[0352] Authorization: Authorization code obtained when the servicesession is established.

[0353] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line ID.

[0354] SP_ID: Identifier of the service provider requesting forbandwidth and priority information.

[0355] 6. QuerySessionBandwidthResponse (DSL_Line_ID,Session_Classifier, Session_Priority, Session_Bandwidth)

[0356] This message is sent from the Regional/Access Network to theservice provider as a response for the bandwidth info request. Thebandwidth data record is returned.

[0357] DSL_Line_ID: Subscriber's line identification.

[0358] Session_Classifier: PPP session classifier used to identify PPPsession traffic flow.

[0359] Session_Priority: Current Priority queue setting.

[0360] Session_Bandwidth: Current session bandwidth setting.

[0361] 7. TerminateServiceSessionRequest (SP_ID, Authorization)

[0362] This message is sent from an NSP to the Regional/Access Networkas a request for terminating a communication session.

[0363] SP_ID: Service Provider Identification.

[0364] Authorization: Authorization code indicating what Regional/AccessNetwork resources is authorized for the service provider to access.

[0365] 8. TerminateServiceSessionResponse (SP_ID, Return_Code)

[0366] This message is sent from the Regional/Access Network tothe-service provider as a response for the communication sessiontermination request.

[0367] SP_ID: Service Provider Identification.

[0368] Return_Code: Return code from the Regional/Access Network,indicating if the request is accomplished successfully.

[0369] 6.4Application Framework Infrastructure

[0370] An Application Framework Infrastructure, in accordance with someembodiments of the present invention, is illustrated in FIG. 13 and is areference implementation model for enabling the ASP, NSP, and/orPersonal NSP to utilize the bandwidth and QoS management capabilities.This framework infrastructure is supported by seven functional elements,including ANI Protocol Handler, NNI Protocol Handler, UNI ProtocolHandler, DSL Service Manager, DSL Session Data Store, ProvisionInterface, and BRAS Adapter, in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent invention. For realizing the DSL network bandwidth and QoSmanagement capabilities, this infrastructure may interact with theRouting Gateway via an Automated Configuration Server (ACS) and the BRASto set appropriate policies upon receiving a request from the ASP, NSP,or PNSP, as depicted in FIG. 13.

[0371] The communication interface between the Regional/Access Networkand an ASP is defined as the Application-to-Network Interface (ANI). Thecommunication interface between the Regional/Access Network and a NSP orPNSP is defined as the Network-to-Network Interface (NNI) as discussedabove with respect to the Regional/Access Interface. Through thisframework infrastructure, the ASP, NSP, and/or PNSP can use the DSLNetwork bandwidth and QoS management capabilities to create theirbandwidth and QoS “aware” applications. To enable the communication andservice creation, a DSL Service API may be defined as a part of theRegional/Access Application Framework Infrastructure. This API may be areference procedural implementation of the ANI and NNI.

[0372] Any suitable communication interface between the applicationframework and the BRAS and ACS may be utilized and, therefore, will notbe discussed in detail herein. An interface may be used at these pointsand may be defined as part of the network element requirements. The useof Common Open Policy Service (COPS) is an example standard interfacethat may be implemented at these points to push changes into the ACS andBRAS.

[0373] 6.4.1 Framework Infrastructure Element Functional Description

[0374] This section describes the main functions of each element of theApplication Framework Infrastructure as illustrated in FIG. 13, inaccordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

[0375] ANI Protocol Handler

[0376] The ANI Protocol Handler takes a request message from the ASPapplication, passes the request to the DSL Service Manager, waits forthe response from the DSL Service Manager, and sends the responsemessage back to the ASP that requests the service. The protocol used inthis prototype is the Application-to-Network Interface defined in thisproposal.

[0377] NNI Protocol Handler

[0378] The NNI Protocol Handler takes a request message from theNSP/PNSP application, passes the request to the DSL Service Manager,waits for the response from the DSL Service Manager, and sends theresponse message back to the NSP/PNSP that requests the service. Theprotocol used in this prototype is the Network-to-Network Interfacedefined in this proposal.

[0379] UNI Protocol Handler

[0380] The UNI Protocol Handler passes the bandwidth and QoS relatedparameters via the ACS to a Routing Gateway associated with asubscriber. Because the Routing Gateway obtains its provisioningparameters from the ACS with a soon to be industry standard interface(WAN-Side DSL Configuration specification), this same interface may beused to communicate bandwidth and QoS information to the RG.

[0381] DSL Service Manager

[0382] The DSL Service Manager behaves as a service broker that providesone or more of the following functions: allows ASP/NSP/PNSP to set andquery bandwidth and QoS data associated with a PPP session, and tocreate, change, and delete application flow control record associatedwith each individual application; interacts with BRAS to pass bandwidthand QoS related data and policies for prioritizing, shaping, andpolicing subscriber's traffic flow either associated with a PPP sessionor an individual application flow; and/or communicates with ACS to passbandwidth and QoS related data and polices to a specified Routinggateway working together with BRAS for prioritizing, shaping, andpolicing the subscriber's traffic flow at the access network.

[0383] DSL Session Data Store

[0384] This is the Master Database maintaining the DSL data modeldescribed in section 4.3. It stores all the bandwidth and QoS relateddata and policies that can be queried, modified, created, and deleted bythe ASP/NSP/PNSP through the ANI/NNI interface. The following recordsare maintained in the DSL Session Data Store in accordance with someembodiments of the present invention: a DSL Line Record; an NSP PPPSession Record; a Personal NSP PPP Session Record; -an ASP PPP SessionRecord; and/or an application Flow Control Record.

[0385] This master copy is replicated in the BRAS and ACS networkelements with appropriate data records. The BRAS copy of the data mayinclude the following records in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent invention: an NSP PPP Session Record; a personal NSP PPP SessionRecord; an ASP PPP Session Record; and/or an Application Flow ControlRecord.

[0386] The ACS network element may include a replica of the followingrecords in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention: anNSP PPP Session Record; a personal NSP PPP Session Record; an ASP PPPSession Record; and/or an Application Flow Control Record.

[0387] DSL Service API

[0388] This service creation API is used by the ASP/NSP for creatingtheir bandwidth and QoS “aware” applications. This API directly maps theANI/NNI protocol defined in this proposal into procedures, methods,and/or other software embodiments, for example, to facilitateapplication programming.

[0389] Provisioning Interface This is a GUI based interface to allow theDSL Service Provider to provision the bandwidth and QoS settings foreach individual subscriber based on subscriber telephone number, andprovision the ASP/NSP that have a business arrangement with the DSLservice provider. The data model for support of the provisioning hasbeen defined herein.

[0390] 6.4.2 DSL Service Messaging Flow

[0391] This section provides several service-scenarios to demonstratehow the messaging interface may be used by an ASP application inaccordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

[0392] Service Provider Authentication Scenario Messaging Flow

[0393]FIG. 14 illustrates the messaging flow for the applicationauthentication scenario in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent invention.

[0394] (1) EstablishServiceSessionRequest (SP_ID, SP_Credentials)

[0395] This message is sent from the ASP/NSP to the DSLNetwork as arequest for establishing a communication session. The ASP/NSP needs tobe authenticated by the Regional/Access Network before any networkservice can be provided.

[0396] Processing Steps:

[0397] a) ANI/TNI Protocol Handler receives the request message andpasses the request to DSL Service Manager

[0398] b) DSL Service Manager finds the corresponding Service ProviderRecord by querying DSL Session Data Store based on the SP_ID

[0399] c) DSL Service Manager validates the SP_Credentials. A result ofauthentication is sent back to the ASP/NSP via ANI/NNI Protocol Handler.

[0400] If the authentication is passed, a valid Authorization code issent back. Otherwise, an invalid Authorization code is returned.

[0401] (2) EstablishServiceSessionResponse (Authorization, Return_Code)

[0402] This message is sent from Regional/Access Network to ASP/NSP as aresponse for the service session establishment request.

[0403] (3) TerminateServiceSessionRequest (SP_ID, Authorization)

[0404] This message is sent from the ASP/NSP to the DSL Network as arequest for terminating the communication session.

[0405] a) ANI/NNI Protocol Handler receives the request message andpasses the request to DSL Service Manager.

[0406] b) DSL Service Manager finds the corresponding communicationsession, terminates the session, and release all the session relatedresources.

[0407] c) DSL Service manager sends a result back to the ASP/NSP viaANI/NNI Protocol Handler.

[0408] (4) TerminateServiceSessionResponse (SP_ID, Return_Code)

[0409] This message is sent from Regional/Access Network to ASP/NSP as aresponse for the service session termination request.

[0410] Application Level Bandwidth and QoS Query Scenario Messaging Flow

[0411]FIG. 15 illustrates the messaging flow for the application levelbandwidth and QoS query scenario in accordance with some embodiments ofthe present invention.

[0412] (1) QueryAppFlowControlRequest (Authorization, DSL_Line_ID,SP_ID, Flow_Classifer)

[0413] This message is sent from the ASP to the DSLNetwork as a requestfor inquiring the bandwidth and QoS information associated with thespecified DSL line.

[0414] Processing Steps:

[0415] a) ANI Protocol Handler receives the request message and passesthe request to DSL Service Manager

[0416] b) DSL Service Manager finds the corresponding DSL Line Record,ASP PPP Session Record, and Application Flow Record(s) to collect therequested information.

[0417] c) DSL Service Manager sends the collected bandwidth and QoS infoback to the ASP via ANI Protocol Handler.

[0418] (2) QueryAppFlowControlResponse (DSL_Line_ID, Flow_Classifier,Flow_Priority, Flow_Bandwidth, Return_Code)

[0419] This message is sent from Regional/Access Network to ASP as aresponse for inquiring the bandwidth and QoS info request.

[0420] Application Level Bandwidth and QoS Modification ScenarioMessaging Flow

[0421]FIG. 16 illustrates the messaging flow for the application levelbandwidth and QoS query modification scenario in accordance with someembodiments of the present invention.

[0422] (1) ChangeAppFlowControlRequest (Authorization, DSL_Line_ID,SP_ID, Flow_Classifier, Flow_Priority, Flow_Bandwidth)

[0423] This message is sent from the ASP to the Regional/Access Networkas a request for changing the bandwidth and QoS data associated with thespecified DSL line.

[0424] Processing Steps:

[0425] a) ANI Protocol Handler receives the request message and passesthe request to DSL Service Manager

[0426] b) DSL Service Manager validates the authorization code based oncorresponding Service Provider record, finds the corresponding DSL LineRecord, ASP PPP Session Record, and Application Flow Record(s) to setthe bandwidth and QoS data as requested by the ASP.

[0427] c) DSL Service Manager communicates with BRAS Adapter for passingrelated bandwidth and QoS data to,BRAS.

[0428] d) BRAS Adapter communicates with BRAS for setting the data inBRAS own data repository.

[0429] e) DSL Service Manager notifies RG (via ACS) of new bandwidth andQoS info becoming available by sending the message of

[0430] UpdateAppFlowControlInfo(D[SL_Line_ID, SP_ID, Flow_Classifier,Flow_Priority, Flow_Bandwidth) through UNI Protocol Handler.

[0431] f) UNI Protocol Handler passes the new bandwidth and QoS data toa specified RG via ACS.

[0432] g) ACS sends a response message back to UNI Protocol Handler toconfirm the data is received.

[0433] h) UNI Protocol Handler sends the message

[0434] UpdateAppFlowControlAck(DSL_Line-ID, SP_ID) back to DSL ServiceManager as a response.

[0435] i) DSL Service Manager sends the response message back to ASP viaANI Protocol Handler.

[0436] j) ACS notifies the specified RG of the availability of newbandwidth/QoS data via WAN-Side DSL Config Interface.

[0437] k) The specified RG receives notification and downloads the newdata from ACS.

[0438] (2) ChangeAppFlowControlResponse (DSL_Line_ID, Return_Code)

[0439] This message is sent from Regional/Access Network to ASP as aresponse for setting the bandwidth and QoS request.

[0440] Application Flow Control Record Creation Scenario Messaging Flow

[0441]FIG. 17 illustrates the messaging flow for the application flowcontrol record creation scenario in accordance with -some embodiments ofthe present invention.

[0442] (1) CreateAppFlowControlRequest (Authorization, DSL_Line_ID,SP_ID, Flow_Classifier, Flow_Priority, Flow_Bandwidth)

[0443] This message is sent from the ASP to the Regional/Access Networkas a request for creating an Application Flow Control Record for aspecified subscriber. Processing Steps:

[0444] a) ANI Protocol Handler receives the request message and passesthe request to DSL Service Manager

[0445] b) DSL Service Manager validates the authorization code based oncorresponding Service Provider record, finds the corresponding DSL LineRecord, ASP PPP Session Record, and then creates and sets an ApplicationFlow Control Record as requested by the ASP.

[0446] c) DSL Service Manager communicates with BRAS Adapter for passingrelated bandwidth and QoS data to BRAS.

[0447] d) BRAS Adapter communicates with BRAS for setting the data inBRAS own data repository.

[0448] e) DSL Service Manager notifies RG of new bandwidth and QoSbecoming available by sending the message ofUpdateAppFlowControlInfo(DSL_Line_ID, SP_ID, Flow_Classifier,Flow_Priority, Flow_Bandwidth) via UNI Protocol Handler.

[0449] f) UNI Protocol Handler passes the new bandwidth and QoS data toa specified RG via ACS.

[0450] g) ACS sends a response message back to UNI Protocol Handler toconfirm the data is received.

[0451] h) UNI Protocol Handler sends the message

[0452] UpdateAppFlowControlAck(DSL_Line_ID, SP_ID) back to DSL ServiceManager as a response.

[0453] i) DSL Service Manager sends the response message back to ASP viaANI Protocol Handler.

[0454] j) ACS notifies the specified RG of the availability of newbandwidth/QoS data via WAN-Side DSL Config Interface.

[0455] k) The specified RG receives notification and downloads the newdata from ACS.

[0456] (2) CreateAppFlowControlResponse (DSL_Line_ID, Return_Code)

[0457] This message is sent from DSL Network to ASP as a response forcreating the application flow control record request.

[0458] Application Flow Control Record Deletion Scenario Messaging Flow

[0459]FIG. 18 illustrates the messaging flow for the application flowcontrol record deletion scenario in accordance with some embodiments ofthe present invention.

[0460] (1) DeleteAppFlowControlRecordRequest (Authorization,DSL_Line_ID, SP_ID, Flow_Classifier)

[0461] This message is sent from the ASP to the DSLNetwork as a requestfor deleting an Application Flow Control Record for a specifiedapplication.

[0462] Processing Steps:

[0463] a) ANI Protocol Handler receives the request message and passesthe request to DSL Service Manager

[0464] b) DSL Service Manager finds the corresponding DSL Line Recordand associated the ASP PPP Session Record. Delete the App Flow ControlRecord based on the Flow_Classifier.

[0465] c) DSL Service Manager sends a response back to ASP as aconfirmation.

[0466] (2) DeleteAppFlowControlRecordResponse (DSL_Line_ID, Return_Code)

[0467] This message is sent from Regional/Access Network to ASP as aresponse for deletion of App Flow Control Record request.

[0468] NSP PPP Session Level Bandwidth and QoS Modification ScenarioMessaging Flow

[0469]FIG. 19 illustrates the messaging flow for the PPP session levelbandwidth and QoS modification scenario in accordance with someembodiments of the present invention.

[0470] (1) ChangeSessionBandwidthRequest (Authorization, DSL_Line_ID,SP_ID, Session_Classifier, Session_Priority, Session_Bandwidth)

[0471] This message is sent from the NSP to the Regional/Access Networkas a request for changing the PPP session level of bandwidth and QoSdata associated with the specified DSL line.

[0472] Processing Steps:

[0473] a) NNI Protocol Handler receives the request message and passesthe request to DSL Service Manager

[0474] b) DSL Service Manager validates the authorization code based onthe corresponding Service Provider record, finds the corresponding DSLLine Record, and the NSP/PNSP PPP Session Record to set the bandwidthand QoS data as requested by the NSP.

[0475] c) DSL Service Manager communicates with BRAS Adapter for passingthe bandwidth and QoS data to BRAS.

[0476] d) BRAS Adapter communicates with BRAS for setting the data inBRAS own data repository.

[0477] e) DSL Service Manager notifies RG of new bandwidth and QoS beingavailable by sending a notification to NNI Protocol Handler.

[0478] f) NNI Protocol Handler passes the new bandwidth and QoS dataassociated with a specified RG to ACS by sending the following messageto ACS.

[0479] UpdateSessionBandwidthInfo(DSL Line_ID, SP_ID,Session_Classifier, Session_Priority, Session_Bandwidth).

[0480] g) ACS sends a response message back to NNI Protocol Handler toconfirm the data is received by sending the following message.

[0481] UpdateSessionBandwidthAck(DSL_Line_ID, SP_ID)

[0482] h) UNI Protocol Handler passes the acknowledgement back to DSLService Manager as a response.

[0483] i) DSL Service Manager sends the following response message backto NSP via NNI Protocol Handler.

[0484] ChangeSessionBandwidthResponse(DSL_Line_ID, Return_Code)

[0485] j) ACS notifies the specified RG of the availability of newbandwidth/QoS data via WAN-Side DSL Config Interface.

[0486] k) The specified RG receives notification and downloads the newbandwidth and QoS data from ACS.

[0487] (2) ChangeSessionBandwidthResponse (DSL_Line_ID, Return_Code)

[0488] This message is sent from Regional/Access Network to NSP as aresponse for changing the PPP level of the bandwidth and QoS request.

[0489] ASP/PPP Session Level Bandwidth and QoS Query Scenario MessagingFlow

[0490]FIG. 20 illustrates the messaging flow for the PPP session levelbandwidth and QoS query scenario in accordance with some embodiments ofthe present invention.

[0491] (1) QuerySessionBandwidthRequest (Authorization, DSL_Line_ID,SP_ID)

[0492] This message is sent from the ASP/NSP to the Regional/AccessNetwork as a request for inquiring the bandwidth and QoS informationassociated with the specified DSL line.

[0493] Processing Steps:

[0494] a) ANI/NNI Protocol Handler receives the request message andpasses the request to DSL Service Manager

[0495] b) DSL Service Manager finds the corresponding DSL Line Recordand the ASP/NSP PPP Session Record to collect the requested information.

[0496] c) DSL Service Manager sends the collected bandwidth and QoS infoat PPP session level back to the ASP/NSP via ANI/NNI Protocol Handler.

[0497] (2) QuerySessionBandwidthResponse (DSL_Line_ID,Session_Classifier, Session_Priority, Session_Bandwidth, Return_Code)

[0498] This message is sent from Regional/Access Network to ASP/NSP as aresponse for inquiring the bandwidth and QoS info request.

[0499] 7. Future Capabilities of the Application Framework

[0500] Exemplary embodiments of the invention have been described abovewith respect to an Application Framework comprising a reference datamodel and an interface specification defined for specific transportflows related to QoS and bandwidth capabilities. This ApplicationFramework may be expanded, in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent invention to support other services that link network services,telecommunications information technology, and customers including, forexample: registration—enables the ASP to register services/applicationswith the Regional/Access Network; discovery—enables the Subscriber todiscover services/applications within the Regional/Access Network;subscription—enables the ASP to manage and maintain subscriber accounts;management—for validation of subscribers and relatedservices/applications; session—enables the xSP to manage and maintainsession establishment, Management: session control, and session teardownfor subscriber access to services/applications; authentication—enablesthe xSP to validate the user/subscriber for network access andservices/applications access—who are you?; authorization—enables the xSPto validate the user/subscriber for network access andservices/applications access—what permissions do you have?;profile—enables the xSP to manage and maintain user/subscriber profiledata; identify—enables the xSP to manage and maintain user preferences,profiles, identity data; presence—enables the xSP to know and maintainawareness of the current existence of the subscriber;notification—enables the xSP to notify the subscriber of relatedservices/applications information; and/or billing—enables the xSP tocapture subscriber/user billing data for network usage andservices/applications usage for mediating a common billing record. Theseother capabilities may provide a host of centralized software servicessupporting a distributed network computing environment linkingusers/subscribers to their desired services and applications.

[0501] 8. Example Use Scenario—Turbo Button

[0502] A source of potential frustration for users of data services isthat data rates supported by the network (e.g., 1.5 Mb/s downstream and256 Kb/s upstream) are often not properly matched with applicationrequirements. Even with the higher speeds afforded with DSL access,users of many applications (e.g., content download such as large MSOffice service packs or movie trailers, and on-line gaming) may beinterested in using a service that would provide an even higher accessspeed at the times they need it most by invoking a “Turbo Button”service. The higher access speed limit is achieved via a service profilechange that eliminates or lessens artificially imposed limits on theachievable speed in the user's PPP session. This section shows how theDSL Application Framework can support such a service, in accordance withsome embodiments of the present invention, starting with the referencemodel shown in FIG. 21.

[0503] Many implementations of a Turbo Button service are possible inaccordance with various embodiments of the present invention. For thepurposes of this section, we will work with a fairly simpleimplementation in which the service is provisioned by an NSP calledmyNSP.com. The user requests the turbo button service at the communityNSP's website during a browsing session at normal speed. Note that otherordering mechanisms are possible including mechanisms that are separatefrom the DSL session, e.g., using a telephone or a mass-distributed CD.

[0504] As mentioned above in certain embodiments of the presentinvention, the service is implemented via provisioning rather than byusing real-time signaling. Under this assumption, a provisioning cycleis initiated after the user invokes the service and the provisioningcompletes before the effect is seen. Another result of this assumptionis that the effect of the user's service invocation is permanent, i.e.,once turbo speed in place, it lasts until the user cancels the serviceand another provisioning cycle occurs to reinstate the default serviceparameters. Real-time signaling may be needed to support a service thatsupports on-demand, brief turbo sessions on an as needed basis.

[0505] Once the user requests the turbo service, the NSP queries theRegional/Access network to find out what turbo options can be presentedto the user. The NSP may map the available upgrades to marketingcategories (e.g., fast, faster, wickedly fast). The user selects one ofthe options, and the NSP requests the profile from the Regional/Accessnetwork that supports the requested speed. The Regional/Access networkin turn pushes new policy (e.g., classifiers, rate limiters, priority)into the user's RG that will support the higher speed. It is importantto note that the service is still “Best Effort,” i.e., there is noassumption of a QoS guarantee at this time. A version of turbo buttonservice with QoS support may be implemented in accordance with otherembodiments of the present invention.

[0506] We will assume that the NSP authenticates its own users forservices such as Turbo Button. A centralized authentication service (aswell as other ancillary services such as billing and presencefunctionality) could be implemented in the Regional/Access network onbehalf of NSPs and ASPs in accordance with additional embodiments of thepresent invention. In a typical business model, the NSP might bill theuser for usage of the turbo button service. In turn, the DSL networkprovider would bill the NSP for carrying traffic across theRegional/Access network at turbo speeds.

[0507] Turbo Button Scenario Description

[0508]FIG. 22 illustrates an example of the sequence of events occurringwith using the Turbo Button Service to access sites via a networkservice provider called “myNSP.com.” For simplicity of illustration, thedetails of the Regional/Access network (DSL Service Manager, UNI and ANIprotocol handlers, ACS, BRAS, etc.) are not shown—the expanded flowswere shown in Section 6.4. The step numbers shown in the figurecorrespond with the list provided below.

[0509] 1. The user clicks an advertisement to reach the NSP's TurboButton subscription menu.

[0510] 2. The NSP host authenticates itself with the Regional/Accessnetwork in order to be able to access the customer profile it wants toupdate.

[0511] 3. Once authenticated, the NSP host then queries theRegional/Access network for available options for the users accesssession connection. It uses the response to this query to put together aset of options for presentation to the customer.

[0512] 4. The user selects one of the options.

[0513] 5. The NSP requests the Regional/Access network to change thesession bandwidth associated with the access session. A notification maybe sent to the user indicating that the turbo button provisioning isunder way and that turbo speed will be available later that day (forexample).

[0514] 6. Using Update Session Bandwidth messaging, the Regional/Accessnetwork pushes new policy to the RG that will support the turbo speed.

[0515] 7. Once the new policy is in place, the user is able to enjoyturbo speed access to sites served by the NSP. Note that all usersconnected to the access session (i.e., other PC users on the householdLAN) would also enjoy the benefits of the turbo button service.

[0516] 8. Later, the user decides to cancel turbo button service.

[0517] 9. Steps 5 and 6 are repeated with the profile and policy put inplace being those needed for default access session speeds.

[0518] 10. The network has returned to its previous state and the user'sPPP session is no longer turbo'd.

[0519]9. Example Use Scenario—Video Conferencing

[0520] This section illustrates how the DSL Application Framework cansupport a videoconference service in accordance with some embodiments ofthe present invention. The video conferencing model used is a SIP-drivenservice implemented by an ASP with a centralized control/mixingconference server. This is the tightly coupled model being developed byan IETF Sipping WG design team that uses four logical entities: focus,conference state notification service, conference policy server element,and stream mixers. There are several ways that these entities can bespread over the available network segments. For example, the ASP and theRegional/Access network can each implement a subset of the entities; forexample, the ASP can implement the stream mixing while the rest of thelogical entities are implemented in the Regional/Access network. Such adivision may be feasible from a technical perspective, but theadditional exposed interfaces may require standardization or bilateralagreement. There might not be much of a business case for such a modelbecause there is little incentive for either the ASP or Regional/Accessnetwork to give up part of the service offering.

[0521] Furthermore, all of the entities can be implemented in theregional/Access network. This option offers some simplicity from theRegional/Access network provider's perspective because no ASP isinvolved. This would probably balanced, however, by the networkprovider's need to decouple the videoconference service offering fromthe general DSL networking aspects.

[0522] Finally, the ASP can implement all of the logical entities whilethe Regional/Access network provider concentrates on the transportissues. This approach is adopted for the rest of this section—the ASPhandles all of the mixing as well as the application layer control. Areference diagram for the service with three users is shown in FIG. 23.

[0523] From the user's perspective, the video conferencing service hasthe following capabilities in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent invention: Creation/Activation: the user can interact with theASP and either request a reserved conference (without pre-designatedparticipants) or activate a previously reserved conference; Termination:the conference ends at a pre-designated time; Adding Participants: Allusers are designated in advance; Dropping Parties: Although individualparties may stop participation in the conference, the resources in thenetwork supporting their connections remain in place; and/or StreamMixing: Basic audio and video mixing are provided. Each participantreceives all of the other participants' audio and receives video fromthe participant with the loudest current audio.

[0524] Assumptions regarding the service are as follows: the ASP thatoffers the videoconference service will host the MCU; the ASP's MCU willsupport the ASP's subscribers in all ASP networks for which that ASP isparticipating; videoconference client software compatible with an ASP'svideoconference service is resident on all participant PCs; users thatare not subscribed to the ASP's videoconference service will not besupported; DHCP leases do not expire; SIP Application Level Gateway(ALG) functions for handling NAT traversal are provided in the RG; theASP providing the videoconference service maintains a common addressrepository or locator for its subscribers. ASP's may be unwilling toshare or store their subscriber information in a network database;mechanisms are in place to support application level communicationbetween two ASP networks (see the dotted line shown); the ALG functionsin the RG use DiffServ Code Points (DSCP) from the voice and videostreams and the port information pushed to it through the ACS profile tomap audio and video flows to ports that are known to the BRAS forreclassification. A simpler approach may be to classify packets comingfrom the videoconference client based on packet type and protocol ID butthat would mean the audio and video RTh streams could not bedistinguished by the classifier and would have to share the samepriority; the DSCPs used by the videoconference clients arestandardized; and/or by its nature RTP is a unidirectional stream, butRTCP is bi-directional. Each pair of RTP and RTCP UDP streams defines achannel. To simplify the presentation, only one direction of the RTPstream is shown for audio and data and only one control stream is shown.Typical SIP and H.323 videoconference implementations may requireadditional data and control streams to complete fully bidirectional dataflows for all participants.

[0525] At least two workable business models can support thisvideoconferencing service. In the simplest model, the videoconferenceASP arranges for all potential conference participants to have thenecessary policies in place to support the service. Once thisinfrastructure is provisioned, any subset of the participants can hold avideoconference at any time. A slightly more complex model has someadvantages for demonstration purposes—in this model, the videoconferenceASP makes the necessary changes needed in the network to support aparticularyi deoconference (and only the participants for thatconference receive upgraded profiles to support their session). Thismodel, which is used in this section, does not require that the policybe in place at all times, but may require a window (perhaps 24 hours)during which the provisioning changes are made.

[0526] A number of billing models are possible. In some embodiments, theASP bills (flat rate, usage, etc.) videoconference subscribers for theirservice. The Regional/Access network provider bills the ASP for hostingthe service on the ASP network and for the usage of the Regional/Accessnetwork. Note that additional opportunities for the business model arepossible for offering centralized billing, authentication, and presencecapabilities to videoconference ASPs.

[0527] The static provisioning model imposes some restrictions onvideoconferencing service models. Reservations are made well in advanceto allow the flow-through provisioning to occur before the start of theconference. The reservation window thus needs to close before the startof the conference, for example 24 hours prior. No real-time adjustmentof the schedule (such as early teardown because the participantsfinished early) is possible. The only way to update the participant listis for the user to request a replacement conference before thereservation window closes.

[0528] Despite the use of the static provisioning model, the ability tomap a particular conference's flows to a classifier still makes itpossible to offer reasonable service features. The user may be able toset up multiple conference calls with different sets of people and withdifferent QoS and bandwidth requirements (for example, a reduced framerate may be desired for a conference a day after the conference in thisexample because several BRI users will be on the call). Without themapping between the flows and the classifier, the user may have beenable to have only one outstanding conference request. In addition, theuser may be able to modify the arrangements for a particular conference(e.g., if the participant roster or start/end times change) providedthat the reservation window (24 hour notice) has not closed.

[0529] A goal of this section is to demonstrate that the Framework andInterface and Data Model are sufficient-to support this basicvideoconference service. After discussing the individual streams neededfor videoconferencing, flows for setting up and tearing downvideoconferencing flows in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent invention are presented. At the end of this section, the networkmodel is expanded to include the DSL network's entities and furtherexercise the data model and messages that have been defined.

[0530] Videoconferencing Scenario Descriptions

[0531] The following sequence of events may occur in the process ofregistering for the ASP videoconference service, reserving a particularconference, and tearing it down once the conference is over. Assume thatthree users A, B, and C will be involved in the videoconference and thatA will be the originator. For simplicity, the details of theRegional/Access network (DSL Service Manager, UNI and ANI protocolhandlers, ACS, BRAS, etc.) are not shown—the expanded flows have beenshown in Section 6.4. The step numbers shown in FIGS. 24 and 25correspond with the list provided below:

[0532] 1. Assume that Users A, B, and C already have established PPPsessions between their RG's and the DSL network provider.

[0533] 2. On the videoconference ASP website, User A registers to beable to set up videoconferences by setting up their user profile,billing options, etc.

[0534] 3. User A decides to hold a videoconference with Users B and C onTuesday 3:00-4:00 and arranges this with the videoconference ASP.

[0535] 4. The ASP establishes a service sessions with theRegional/Access network and is authenticated.

[0536] 5. The ASP sends application flow control requests to theRegional/Access network requesting changes to support thevideoconference.

[0537] 6. The Regional/Access network pushes new application flowpolicies to the BRAS, ACS, and RG's A, B, and C that are specific to thevideoconference application. The videoconference stream facilities arenow available.

[0538] 7. The videoconference starts at 3:00 on Tuesday (note that theflow has now moved). Inside the control streams, the videoconference ASPuses SIP to establish the necessary conference legs to users A, B, andC. The streams from the users are placed appropriately in the queues bythe classifiers, are mixed by the videoconference ASP, and appropriatelymixed streams are distributed to the participants.

[0539] 8. At 4:00 on Tuesday, the conference is scheduled to end. Thevideoconference ASP releases its internal resources for the mixers andconference control, sends SIP BYE messages through the control stream toclear the SIP dialogs with the users, and sends a billing record so thatthe appropriate charging takes place.

[0540] 9. The videoconference ASP establishes a service session with theDSL network (if necessary) and is authenticated.

[0541] 10. The videoconference ASP requests deletion of the applicationflow control records that supported the videoconference.

[0542] The Regional/Access network deletes the policy for the bandwidthand QoS at the BRAS, ACS, and RG's for users A, B, and C. The networkhas now been returned to its default state.

[0543] Flow Classification for Video Conferencing

[0544] The videoconference service may require three streams to carryaudio, video, and signaling/control as shown in FIGS. 24-27. The flowsreferred to using a “+” sign in FIG. 27 may be set up dynamically at theVC client and the DSCP may be assigned for the audio and video streams.The ALG/NAT maps of the 10.X.X.X ports to the corresponding IP addressand ports for audio and video specified in the ACS profile based on theDSCP set by the VC client. This may ensure that the RG, BRAS and ASPvideoconference MCU maintain consistent port information with regard tothe various flows.

[0545] The signaling/control stream is used at the application layer forpurposes, such as floor control and other needs, that are transparent tothe Regional/Access network provider. Assume that audio and controlpackets need to travel with high priority and thus are placed into theExpedited Forwarding queue at the RG. Video packets have medium priorityand hence will be placed into the Assured Forwarding queue at the RG.The videoconference service does not cause the user to emit any lowpriority packets that we are aware of; thus, the RG will not need toplace any packets into the Best Effort queue.

[0546] A goal is to demonstrate that it is possible for the ASP to pushpacket classifier information into the DSL network at conferencereservation time so as to configure the DSL network for proper placementof packets from the three streams into the appropriate queues asmentioned above. At the time that a videoconference is reserved (tooccur in this case 3:00-4:00 the next day), the user needs to get aconference identifier/PIN from the videoconference ASP. The user willuse this conference identifier to get into the correct conference thenext day, and will give the conference id to the other participants forthe same purpose. For the purposes of this section, assume that thisconference identifier does not need to show up in the data model becauseit is strictly between the users and the ASP and somehow transferredtransparently to the DSL network provider.

[0547] The ASP needs to set up bandwidth and priority for the threestreams (control, video, and audio) that are needed between each userand the ASP using a Create Application Flow Control Request message. Onebenefit of looking at videoconference as a service example is to betterunderstand how the various flows would be set up and managed throughNATs and firewalls and still have those flows appropriately classifiedthroughout. Many protocols establish connections on well-known portsthat spawn data flows on ephemeral ports (i.e., dynamically spawned andassigned to a given multimedia call after the initial handshakes). Theproblem of firewall and NAT traversal is a complex one due, in part, tothe large number of different scenarios and the multitude of differentsolutions to solve them.

[0548] For this example, it is assumed that the RG has an ALG functionfor the support of SIP. Further it is assumed that there is a “trusted”relationship between the ASP and the Regional/Access network and the useof DSCP markings of packets can be used as part of the classificationprocess.

[0549] Referring to FIG. 24, information that is used for setting up andclassifying the flows required: for a videoconference in accordance withsome embodiments of the present invention is illustrated. First, duringthe initial setup, user A registers all participants and specifies thestart time and end times, etc. The ASP reserves IP addresses for theconference on its platform and updates each participant's RG by issuinga createAppFlowReq request to the Regional access network. The BRAS usesthe IP addresses specified by ASP₁ for reclassifying traffic to ASP₁ andwill use the IP of the RG and the DSCP for reclassifying traffic enroute to the videoconference client. The profile that gets pushed toeach participant will contain ASP₁'s IP addresses for control, audio,and video flows. When the start time for the videoconference approaches,each participant will activate their videoconference client on his orher PC and login to the reserved conference.

[0550] Once ASP₁ receives the control message for call setup, it canrefer to its table of reserved addresses to be used for the conference.Capability set negotiation occurs at this time (e.g., could be includedin SDP component). The RG's ALG/NAT engine uses the DSCP and informationfrom the ACS profile to determine which port it should assign to the RTPflows from the videoconference client. This may ensure consistency forthe port information stored in the BRAS for reclassification. ASP₁, theBRAS, and the RG should now know all addresses, priorities and shapinginformation. The videoconference client's RTP streams can begin pushingaudio and video.

[0551] 10. Example Use Scenario—Gaming

[0552] This section illustrates how the DSL Application Framework cansupport a gaming service in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent invention. Though there are many different models for game playand delivery, this section-discusses a particular class of games knownas “massively multi-player interactive” games. Such games arecharacterized by substantial numbers of players (greater than 10 and upto the 1000s) and real time or near real-time interactions. Such gamesplace significant demands on network and game server infrastructures.Other classes of games that are not discussed here include turn basedgames, single player (turn based or real time interactive), and head tohead interactive games. Though each of these classes represents asignificant number of games available to users, their networkrequirements are not nearly as complex as those of multi-playerinteractive games.

[0553] Gaming Service Overview

[0554] Two basic topologies are used to support network gaming: point topoint or client server. In client server topology, the player'sworkstation communicates with a central game server to which otherplayers are also connected.: In the point to point topology, each playercommunicates directly with each other player. A refinement of the clientserver topology, the hierarchical client server topology, provides thenecessary infrastructure to support true massively multi-playerenvironments. These topologies are depicted in FIG. 28.

[0555] In the point to point topology, each gaming workstation musttransmit its moves and state change information to each other gamingworkstation. In addition, each workstation must maintain a consistentand synchronized image of the game universe for each player. As such thepoint to point topology requires significant computation power in theend user workstation and typically will not scale to supporting morethan a number of users.

[0556] In both forms of the client server topology, the workstation andgame server exchange information that is directly relevant only to aspecific player. The client workstation is responsible for such tasks asmanaging user interactions, rendering, and audio feedback, while theserver is responsible for maintaining a consistent view of the gameuniverse and communicating changes to the view to player workstations.The difference between the two topologies is one of segmentation. In thehierarchical topology, a server is only responsible for maintaining thestate of a portion of the universe. If a player connected to aparticular server is interacting with a portion of the universe outsidethe scope of their immediate server, that server must coordinate withother servers in the network. This partitioning provides significantlymore scalability than a simple client server topology.

[0557] In addition to maintaining game universe state at communicatingstate changes to players, a gaming service may provide other auxiliaryfunctions including the following: Session Management: manages activeplayer lists, supports ability to invite participants to join a game;presence and availability management: supports the ability of players tolocate and determine if opponents are available for play;authentication: verify player identities and validate that players areusing correctly licensed software on their workstation; interactive chatand bulletin board: provides a forum for discussion of gaming topics.Can also be used during game play to allow for intra-team communication;and/or content downloads: provides software update and new game deliveryservices.

[0558] Basic game server functionality and auxiliary functions representa gaming service that may be offered in an ASP model in accordance withsome embodiments of the present invention. The game server and serversfor auxiliary functions are connected to the ASP network. Clientworkstations access a game server or auxiliary function server throughtheir ASP network connection. From the perspective of the DSL network,whether a gaming service implements a client/server or hierarchicalclient/server topology is not important. The DSL network is onlyinvolved in the transport of traffic between one or more gameworkstations and the game server to which they are connected. Thisservice model is show in FIG. 29.

[0559] Traffic and Flow Characterization

[0560] In a client/server multiplayer gaming service, the game serverand player workstation communicate state change and play eventinformation in real time. The workstation informs the server of playertriggered events including the following: Player moves; Player takes ashot; Player changes rooms; and/or Player picks up an object.

[0561] In a real-time game, the server reconciles these play eventmessages as they are received from each workstation or peer server. Itthen communicates state change information to each client workstation.These state change messages contain only information relevant to theparticular player—only information about objects currently visible tothe player is communicated. Examples of this information include:movement of other objects within the player's current view; hits made bythe player; damage incurred by the player; death of the player or otherplayers; and/or communication from the server or other players.Unfortunately, there does not appear to be a standard protocol for suchcommunications; each gaming system seems to define its own methods ofcommunication. The basic characteristics, however, seem to be similar.

[0562] While communication from the workstation to the server-istypically event driven, server to workstation communication is oftencontinuous. Servers often send state change messages in frames at adefined rate—10, 20, 30 frames per second. Frames tend to besignificantly larger than voice or video frames. The total time requiredto send a user event, reconcile its impact on the game universe, andcommunicate state change back to the workstation may become the limitingfactor in player reaction time. The longer the total time, the lessreactive a player can be and the less interactive the gaming experiencemay become.

[0563] Reconciliation time is driven by server capacity and load.Message delivery times are driven by network limitations. For manygames, a total round trip “ping” time of 200-350 ms is consideredacceptable while 100 ms is considered exceptional. Anything greater than500 ms may become very obvious to the player and is perceived assluggishness. As latency increases it becomes more likely that playersdo not share a consistent view of the universe.

[0564] In summary, game play related traffic can be characterized asfollows: steady frame rate; large frame size (relative to voice orvideo); and/or latency sensitive Auxiliary services generally do notshare these characteristics. They typically are similar or identicalto-traditional Internet Web based services and do not suffer fromsignificant impacts due to -latency.

[0565] The bandwidth requirement for play related traffic is generallylower than for video services, but the latency sensitivity of game playtraffic typically necessitates better than best-effort treatment. Flowsrelated to game play may be placed in an assured forwarding queue at aminimum. Auxiliary services may be handled on a best effort basis. Playrelated traffic and auxiliary service traffic are typically carried indifferent flows.

[0566] Traffic within a game play flow may be further differentiated inaccordance with additional embodiments of the present invention. Forexample, within the context of a particular game certain events may betreated with higher priority than others. This may be supported byallowing the application to use and set multiple diffserv code-points.Such use, however, may only be permitted if there is a trustedrelationship between the ASP gaming host and the transport network.

EXAMPLE SCENARIO DESCRIPTION

[0567] The call flow for gaming is similar to Turbo button. The gameprovider needs to negotiate bandwidth profiles between the game serverand the player workstation for the purposes of game play traffic. Thesteps in this scenario are illustrated in FIGS. 30 and 31, in accordancewith some embodiments of the invention, as follows:

[0568] 1. Subscriber establishes PPP session between RG and DSL networkprovider.

[0569] 2. Subscriber accesses ASP gaming providers web site andregisters f6r game play.

[0570] 3. ASP gaming provider queries subscriber bandwidth profile anddetermines current profile to be insufficient for game play.

[0571] 4. ASP creates application bandwidth/QOS profile at RegionalAccess Network.

[0572] 5. ASP acknowledges subscription.

[0573] 6. Regional access network pushes new flow qualifier andbandwidth info for game service to routing gateway.

[0574] 7. Subscriber joins game using QOS enabled session.

[0575] 11. Operational Description

[0576] Operations and components for managing QoS in a communicationnetwork have been discussed above with reference to, for example, FIGS.13-20, according to various embodiments of the present invention. QoSmay also be managed as described more generally hereafter. QoS in acommunication network may be related to how traffic is handleddifferently depending upon, for example, their classifications. Forexample, the network bandwidth, network link scheduling priorities,and/or other network resources may be allocated differently dependingupon the classification of particular network traffic. To achieveallocated QoS levels, some network traffic may be subject toconstraints, such as, limits on the traffic rates-and/or size of packets(e.g., MTU size).

[0577] According to some embodiments of the present invention, QoS in acommunication network may be allocated differently to differentapplications and/or network services. A communication network maythereby be provisioned so that different applications and/or networkservices receive different QoS results. For example, QoS may beallocated differently to different application service providers and/ornetwork service providers. A network service provider may providedifferent QoS to different PPP sessions. When QoS is allocated to anapplication service provider, the access network may provide differentQoS to different applications that are associated with the same PPP.

[0578] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, QoS may beallocated differently to different IP addresses. Accordingly,applications that are associated with the same IP address may beprovided the same or similar QoS, while applications that are associatedwith a different IP address may be provided a different QoS.

[0579]FIG. 32 shows exemplary operations that may be used for allocatingQoS according to some embodiments of the present invention. At Block100, a request is made for a level of QoS for communication in acommunication network. The request may be made by, for example, a QoSrequest from an application service provider to a network servicemanager. An application service provider may makes the QoS request onits own initiative and/or in response to a request from an applicationthat is hosted by the application service provider.

[0580] At Block 110, a QoS request is validated to check that, forexample, an application service -provider and/or application isauthorized -to make the request and/or that the requested QoS level isappropriate. Validation may be performed; for example, as describedabove in the above-titled section Application Level Bandwidth and QoSModification Scenario Message Flow. If the QoS request is determined tonot be valid, at Block 110, then at Block 120 the requestor of the QoSrequest (e.g., application service provider and/or application) isnotified of a denial of the request.

[0581] A QoS request that is properly validated at Block 110 is thenevaluated at Block 130 to determine whether the requested QoS level isavailable in the communication network (e.g., based on available networkcapacity) and/or among the communication devices that are to becommunicating with the requested QoS level (e.g., based on availablenetwork capacity of an end-user gateway or routing gateway). If therequested QoS level is not available, at Block 130, then at Block 140the requestor of the QoS request (e.g., application service providerand/or application) is notified of the available QoS level and/or isnotified of a denial of the request.

[0582] When the QoS request is communicated in a data packet, the QoSrequest may be validated at Block 110 and/or evaluated at Block 130based on information in a known field of the data packet. For example, aQoS request may be evaluated based on a protocol ID, source address,destination address, source port number, destination port number, and/orother information that is provided in a header field of a data packet.

[0583] When the requested QoS is available at Block 130, then at Block150, the QoS is allocated to the application service provider and/or toparticular applications that are hosted by the application serviceprovider. For example, the allocation may be made by a network servicemanager (e.g., DSL Service Manager), and may be communicated to arouting gate to control communications with a user and to a broadbandremote access server to control communications with the applicationservice provider. Allocating QoS to a requestor may affect the QoSprovided to other applications. For example, a high priority applicationmay be allocated a QoS that may necessitate modification of the QoSprovided to lower priority applications. More particularly, starting aVoice-Over-IP.(VOIP) session may cause a reduction in the packet size(e.g., Maximum Transmission Unit size) that may be communicated by otherapplications through the network.

[0584] An allocated QoS level may correspond to any characteristicrelating to the performance with which information may be communicatedthrough the communication network. For example, an allocated QoS levelmay correspond to an allocation of network capacity (e.g., bandwidth),information delay, loss of information (e.g., error rate),prioritization of information for transmission, and/or traffic profile.A traffic profile may correspond to performance characteristics such as,for example, long term maximum traffic rate and/or short term burstsize, and may vary in a predefined manner over time.

[0585] Communications between a user and a service provider, and/or anapplication that is hosted on a service provider, may then be managedbased on the allocated QoS level. For example, such communications maybe managed so that the rate of communicated information is restricted tono more than an allocated capacity level, so that communication delay isno more than an allocated delay level, so that no more information in acommunication is lost than is allowed by an allocated loss rate, so thatcommunications are prioritized based on an allocated prioritizationlevel, and/or so that communications are limited to a predefined trafficprofile. The allocated QoS level may also define the size of packets(e.g., Maximum Transmission Unit size) that are communicated through thenetwork, and/or may cause a traffic profile to be modified based on theallocated QoS level.

[0586] Many variations and modifications can be made to the preferredembodiments without substantially departing from the principles of thepresent invention. All such variations and modifications are intended tobe included herein within the scope of the present invention, as setforth in the following claims.

That which is claimed:
 1. A method of managing Quality of Service (QoS)in a communication network, the method comprising: requesting a levelof-QoS for communications in the communication network by a QoS requestfrom a service provider; and allocating the requested level of QoS tothe service provider based on the QoS request.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein the service provider is at least one of an application serviceprovider and a network service provider.
 3. The method of claim 1,wherein requesting a level of QoS for communications in thecommunication network comprises requesting a level of QoS by a QoSrequest from an application of the service provider.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, wherein allocating the requested level of QoS to theapplication service provider comprises allocating the requested level ofQoS to an application of the service provider.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein allocating the requested level of QoS to the service providercomprises allocating a network capacity level for communication in thecommunication network with the service provider based on the QoSrequest.
 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising restrictingcommunication through the communication network with the serviceprovider to the allocated network capacity level.
 7. The method of claim1, wherein allocating the requested level of QoS to the service providercomprises allocating a communication priority level for communication inthe communication network to the service provider based on the QoSrequest.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the allocated level of QoS isbased on delay of information in the communication network.
 9. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the allocated level of QoS is based oninformation loss rate in the communication network.
 10. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the allocated level of QoS is based on packet size inthe communication network.
 11. The method of claim 1, further comprisingmodifying Maximum Transmission Unit size for packets communicatedthrough a network based on the allocated level of QoS.
 12. The method ofclaim 1, wherein: allocating the requested level of QoS to the serviceprovider comprises modifying a profile of information that iscommunicated through the communication network based on the allocatedlevel of QoS.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein allocating therequested level of QoS to the application comprises: evaluating at anetwork service manager the QoS that is available in the communicationnetwork; and allocating the requested level of QoS to the serviceprovider based on the QoS request from the service provider and theevaluation of the QoS available in the communication network.
 14. Themethod of claim 13, wherein the network service manager comprises a DSLservice manager.
 15. The method of claim 13, wherein evaluating at anetwork service manager the QoS available in the network comprisesvalidating the QoS request from the service provider.
 16. The method ofclaim 15, wherein validating the QoS request from the service providercomprises comparing the QoS request to a DSL session data store.
 17. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: communicating the QoS request ina data packet through the communication network; and evaluating the QoSrequest based on information in a known field in the data packet. 18.The method of claim 17, further comprising: identifying a protocol ID inthe known field of the data packet; and evaluating the QoS request basedon the identified protocol ID.
 19. The method of claim 17, furthercomprising: identifying a source address and/or a destination address inthe known field of the data packet; and evaluating the QoS request basedon the identified source address and/or the destination address.
 20. Themethod of claim 17, further comprising: identifying a source port numberand/or a destination port number in the known field of the data packet;and evaluating the QoS request based on the identified source portnumber and/or a destination port number.
 21. The method of claim 1,wherein allocating the requested level of QoS to the service providercomprises notifying a broadband remote access server of the allocatedlevel of QoS.
 22. The method of claim 1, wherein allocating therequested level of QoS to the service provider comprises notifying arouting gateway of the allocated level of QoS.
 23. The method of claim1, further comprising notifying the service provider of the allocatedlevel of QoS.
 24. A computer program product for managing Quality ofService (QoS) in a communication network, the computer program productcomprising program code embodied in a computer-readable storage medium,the computer program code comprising: service provider program code thatis configured to request a level of QoS for communications in thecommunication network by a QoS request from a service provider; and QoSallocation program code that is configured to allocate the requestedlevel of QoS to a service provider based on the QoS request.
 25. Thecomputer program product according to claim 24, wherein the QoSallocation program code is configured to allocated the requested levelof QoS to an application program of at least one of an applicationservice provider and a network service provider based on the QoSrequest.
 26. The computer program product according to claim 24, whereinthe QoS allocation program code is configured to allocate a networkcapacity level for communication in the communication network based onthe QoS request, and further comprising QoS management program code thatis configured to restrict communication through the communicationnetwork with the service provider to the allocated network capacitylevel.
 27. The computer program product according to claim 24, whereinthe QoS allocation program code is configured to allocate acommunication priority level for communication in the communicationnetwork based on the QoS request, and further comprising QoS managementprogram code that is configured to prioritize communication through thecommunication network with the service provider based on the allocatedcommunication QoS level.
 28. The computer program product according toclaim 24, further comprising QoS management program code that isconfigured to shape information flow through the communication networkwith the service provider based on the QoS request.
 29. The computerprogram product according to claim 24, further comprising program codethat is configured to validate the QoS request from the service providerby comparing the QoS request to a DSL session data store.
 30. Thecomputer program product according to claim 24, further comprisingprogram code that is configured to identify the service provider thatrequested the level of QoS, and is configured to evaluate the QoSrequest based on the identified service provider.
 31. The computerprogram product according to claim 24, further comprising program codethat is configured to identify an application program of the serviceprovider that is associated with the QoS request, and is configured toevaluate the QoS request based on the identified application program.32. The computer program product according to claim 24, furthercomprising program code that is configured to notify a broadband remoteaccess server of the allocated level of QoS.
 33. The computer programproduct according to claim 24, further comprising program code that isconfigured to notify a routing gateway of the allocated level of QoS.34. A communication system comprising: a service provider; anapplication framework infrastructure; an access network communicativelycoupling the service provider and the application frameworkinfrastructure; a plurality of routing gateways; and a wide area networkthat communicatively couples the application framework infrastructureand the plurality of routing gateways, wherein the service provider isconfigured to request a level of Quality of Service (QoS) forcommunication in the wide area network by a QoS request.
 35. Thecommunication system of claim 34, wherein the service provider is atleast one of an application service provider and a network serviceprovider.
 36. The communication system of claim 34, wherein theapplication framework infrastructure is configured to allocate therequested level of QoS to an application service provider based on theQoS request.
 37. The communication system of claim 36, wherein theapplication framework infrastructure is configured to identify at leastone of the plurality of routing gateways that communicates with theapplication service provider, and is configured to notify the identifiedat least one of the plurality of routing gateways of the allocated levelof QoS.
 38. The communication system of claim 36, further comprising abroadband remote access server, wherein the application frameworkinfrastructure is configured to notify the broadband remote accessserver of the allocated level of QoS.
 39. The communication system ofclaim 34, wherein the service provider is configured to request a levelof QoS based on a request from at least one application program that ishosted by the service provider.
 40. A method of managing Quality ofService (QoS) in a communication network, the method comprising:allocating a different QoS level to each one of a plurality of serviceproviders; and managing communications with each of the plurality ofservice providers based on the allocated QoS levels.
 41. A method ofmanaging Quality of Service (QoS) in a communication network, the methodcomprising: allocating a different QoS level to each one of a pluralityof IP addresses; and managing communications with applications that areassociated with the plurality of IP addresses based on the allocated QoSlevels.